Child Maltreatment and the Child Welfare System as Environmental Factors in the International Classification of Functioning.
Katherine Kim, Corinne Moss, Jane Jungyoon Park and 1 others
PMID 36188868WHAT IT FOUND
Child welfare involvement and maltreatment history are environmental factors that disrupt adolescent functioning.
Clinicians should assess for dating violence, substance use, and sleep problems in these youth, recognizing that trauma symptoms often mediate these risks.
Key findings
01Child welfare-involved adolescents with borderline-to-mild intellectual disabilities reported significantly more dating violence victimization and perpetration than those with average IQ.
02Indigenous youth with low identification with their caseworker were 5.47 times more likely to have used cannabis in the past 12 months compared to non-Indigenous youth with low identification.
03Psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between child maltreatment severity and sleep problems two years later.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs
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What it does not show
The ICF is a snapshot of functioning at a specific time, while the MAP measures used various timeframes, creating incompatibility in mapping distal versus proximal factors. The original MAP sub-studies used the terms 'gender' and 'sex' interchangeably, limiting the ability to analyze gender-specific risks accurately. The review is a narrative synthesis of existing sub-studies rather than a new primary analysis, relying on the methods and measures of the original papers. The sample was drawn from a single large urban child protection system in Ontario, which may not generalize to other regions or service models.
Declared interests
Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The authors declared no commercial or financial conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not interpret the associations between maltreatment, trauma symptoms, and functional problems as evidence that a specific intervention works. This review maps existing risk factors and correlations within the ICF framework; it does not test the efficacy of treatments like trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, which are mentioned only as general clinical suggestions.