OTSLPOtherJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Child and Family Characteristics Associated with Symptoms of Anxiety in Autistic Children: A Biobank Study.

Willow J Sainsbury, Andrew J O Whitehouse, Lisa Woods and 2 others

PMID 39776109

WHAT IT FOUND

Poor sleep was the only factor linked to all four types of anxiety in autistic children.

Those with the worst sleep habits had up to 9.23 times higher odds of separation anxiety compared to those with the best sleep.

Key findings

01Poor sleep habits were the only consistent significant predictor across all anxiety types.

02Children with the worst sleep habits had 9.23 times higher odds of separation anxiety compared to those with the best sleep habits.

03Higher cognitive scores were associated with an increased likelihood of generalised, separation, and social anxiety symptoms.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The study relied on parent-reported anxiety symptoms, which may underestimate internalising anxiety or bias towards children who overtly signal distress. There was significant missing data, leading to the exclusion of 101 participants from the initial sample of 553. The cross-sectional design prevents establishing causality between sleep and anxiety; the relationship may be bidirectional. Anxiety was measured dichotomously (presence/absence of symptoms) rather than by clinical diagnosis or severity thresholds. The models for phobic and social anxiety had low explanatory power, suggesting other unmeasured factors are important.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that improving sleep will directly reduce anxiety symptoms. The study shows an association, not causation, and the relationship may be bidirectional where anxiety also disrupts sleep.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →