SLPOtherJournal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation2025

Acoustic Analysis of Blues, Country, Folk, Italian Opera, and Rock Singing.

Grayson J Bienhold, David P Meyer, Owen P Wischhoff and 4 others

PMID 40562602

WHAT IT FOUND

Singing samples across genres were less steady and more irregular than healthy sustained speech.

Rock showed more irregular acoustic results than folk and Italian opera.

Key findings

01Compared with healthy sustained /i/ speech, all singing genres had lower CPP and higher D2.

02Rock singing had higher D2 than folk singing, higher VTC2 than country and folk singing, and higher VTC3 than blues and Italian opera singing.

03VTC1 did not significantly differ between genres, though rock had the lowest VTC1 values.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The analysis used one benchmark song per genre, so it cannot represent the full range of each genre. Samples came from YouTube covers, so recording environment, equipment, and audio postprocessing were not controlled. Selection was based on audio quality, age, and gender, not on verified vocal health or standardized training. Gender was assigned from publicly available performer information, not self-report. The rock VTC4 result was unexpected and may have been influenced by recording environment or postprocessing.

Declared interests

The authors declared no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that these acoustic differences show singers have voice disorders or that one genre is safer. The study compared isolated sung /i/ samples with healthy sustained /i/ speech, and it did not measure vocal health, symptoms, or outcomes.

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