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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,906 PAPERS · PAGE 27 OF 39 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPCohort2024Mortality risk among Autistic children and young people: A nationwide birth cohort study.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAutistic children and young people in this large New Zealand cohort faced more than double the mortality risk of their non-Autistic peers. The risk was substantially higher for females and for those with co-occurring intellectual disability, highlighting a critical need for targeted health and safety support.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Impact of disability-based discrimination in healthcare on parents of children with medical complexity.Developmental medicine and child neurologyParents of children with medical complexity reported that disability-based discrimination in healthcare erodes trust, increases caregiving burden through forced advocacy, and harms parental mental health. Racism and poverty-based discrimination compound these effects.
• PTRCT2025Unveiling the benefits of stretch-shortening cycle exercise for children with obstetric brachial plexus injury: a clinical trial assessing muscle strength, bone mineral density, and functional capacity.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineTwelve weeks of explosive stretch-shortening cycle exercise improved upper-limb strength, bone density, and arm function in children with obstetric brachial plexus injury more than standard therapy. Add this to your routine for children aged 10 to 16 with Erb's palsy.
• PTOTCohort2025Sensorimotor Features and Daily Living Skills in Autistic Children With and Without ADHD.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAutistic children with ADHD showed lower movement skills and more often sought sensory input or had strong reactions to it. Daily living skills were better explained by each child's autism and ADHD features than by ADHD group status.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Medical Home Care and Educational Services for Children and Youth on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren on the autism spectrum often need both medical home care and school services, but only five studies linked them and the evidence was mixed. Barriers included provider time, screening gaps, coordination rules, and funding.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Psychometric Assessment of the Rett Syndrome Caregiver Assessment of Symptom Severity (RCASS).Journal of autism and developmental disordersA new caregiver questionnaire for Rett Syndrome shows preliminary promise for tracking symptom severity across movement, communication, and behavior. It correlates with clinician ratings but has not yet been proven sensitive to change, so it cannot currently confirm if a treatment works.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Assessing the generalizability of a National Burn Database to the United States pediatric burn injury population.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationPediatric burn data from U.S. hospitals mixes U.S. and Mexico residents, who have different burn causes and severity. Researchers must analyze these groups separately. Pooling them creates a distorted picture that does not represent the typical U.S. pediatric burn population.
• PTOTRCT2025Does botulinum neurotoxin A make walking easier in children with cerebral palsy? A randomized clinical trial.Developmental medicine and child neurologyA single calf botulinum toxin injection did not make walking less effortful for children with cerebral palsy than saline. Walking capacity, daily activity, and child-reported gross motor performance did not improve more than placebo. Calf pain intensity decreased more at 12 weeks.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Developmental associations between motor and communication outcomes in Fragile X syndrome: Variation in the context of co-occurring autism.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceEarly fine motor skills predicted receptive communication in all children with Fragile X. However, the link between motor development and expressive communication differed by autism status. Children without autism relied on early motor levels, while those with autism relied on how quickly their motor skills improved.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Validation of the Arabic Version of Feeding Handicap Index for Children with Developmental Disabilities (A-FHI-C).Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of children with autism, cerebral palsy, or intellectual disability reported significantly more severe feeding problems on the new Arabic Feeding Handicap Index than parents of typically developing children. The questionnaire showed strong consistency and stability, making it a reliable tool for assessing feeding impacts in Arabic-speaking families.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Continuation of Pediatric Care after Transfer to Adult Care Among Autistic Youth Overlap of Pediatric and Adult Care.Journal of autism and developmental disordersMost autistic young adults keep using pediatric services after starting adult primary care. Over half had direct pediatric visits, including therapy. Clinicians should expect ongoing pediatric involvement rather than assuming a clean break at the first adult appointment.
• PTOTRCT2024Accuracy deficits during robotic time-constrained reaching are related to altered prefrontal cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationChildren with cerebral palsy had worse reaching accuracy, especially with their non-preferred arm. Contrary to expectations, their prefrontal cortex activity dropped under time pressure. Higher prefrontal activity was linked to better accuracy in the CP group, suggesting this brain area plays a role in compensating for motor deficits.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2025Community Priorities for Outcomes Targeted During Professional Supports for Autistic Children and their Families.Journal of autism and developmental disordersCommunity priorities for autistic children focus on wellbeing and understanding, not changing autistic traits. Practitioners rated reducing sensory seeking and social skills training as inappropriate more often than parents did. All parent-focused outcomes were considered appropriate and medium-to-high priority.
• PTOther2024Baby Observational Selective Control AppRaisal (BabyOSCAR): Convergent and discriminant validity and reliability in infants with and without spastic cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyA 1-minute video of spontaneous movements scored by BabyOSCAR was related to later spastic CP diagnosis and gross motor level. It also showed higher asymmetry in unilateral CP. Arm scoring was less consistent than leg scoring.
• PTOTOther2024Baby Observational Selective Control AppRaisal (BabyOSCAR): Construct validity and test performance.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe BabyOSCAR test reliably measures spontaneous movement in infants, but arm and leg scores reflect separate abilities. Clinicians should use the total raw score for quick screening and prediction, while keeping arm and leg subscales distinct for detailed analysis or research.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Fatigue among children and adolescents with acquired brain injury in a specialized neurorehabilitation setting.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesFatigue improved during intensive neurorehabilitation, but only self-reported changes in general and sleep fatigue were significant. Parents consistently rated their child's fatigue as more severe than the children did, particularly regarding cognitive difficulties.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences of Families in Which a Child/Youth Has Autism and Their Service Providers: Perspectives and Lessons Learned.Journal of autism and developmental disordersFamilies and providers described navigating unclear essential service designations and rapid shifts to virtual care. While some found virtual options flexible, providers struggled to engage children remotely. Parents reported increased stress and isolation, though some adapted by using online tools to maintain connections.
• PTRCT2025Feasibility and Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Social Prediction Training in Children and Young Adults with Congenital Cerebellar Malformations.Journal of autism and developmental disordersVR social prediction training improved a playground-based prediction score compared with VR motor games in children and young adults with congenital cerebellar malformations, but a second action-prediction score did not improve significantly after training.
• PTOther2025Children's amputee mobility predictor-Assessing the functional capability of children with leg length discrepancy.Clinical rehabilitationThe Children's Amputee Mobility Predictor reliably scores functional capability in children with leg length discrepancies. It takes about 30 minutes, needs little equipment, and includes child-specific tasks like kicking and floor transitions. Parents and experts rated these tasks as relevant to daily life.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025Preparing to "Live a Life of Possibilities": Experiences of Healthcare Providers Readying Autistic Adolescents and Their Families for Independent Driving.Journal of autism and developmental disordersProviders felt unprepared to guide autistic teens toward driving due to time constraints and lack of resources. They struggled to balance adolescent independence with caregiver anxiety. Multidisciplinary teams and community referrals were identified as necessary supports for these complex family conversations.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Identifying autistic children: Priorities for research arising from a systematic review of parents' experiences of the assessment process.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents consistently reported that the assessment process was confusing, lengthy, and often felt hierarchical. They valued respectful, clear communication and being treated as experts on their child. Many felt overwhelmed by information during feedback, highlighting a need for structured, supportive interactions rather than just clinical data.
• PTOTQualitative2024Participation of teenagers with vision or motor impairments in leisure activities: a qualitative study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesTeenagers with vision or motor impairments defined independence as doing things alone, yet valued peer presence. Vision impairments hindered participation mainly through transport issues, while motor impairments caused fatigue and pain. Gaming was the most popular activity because it allowed social connection from home.
• PTSLPCase Series2025Long-term outcomes in children with riboflavin transporter deficiency and surveillance recommendations.Developmental medicine and child neurologyEarly high-dose riboflavin treatment, sometimes with flavin mononucleotide, coenzyme Q, L-Carnitine, or fish oil, was followed by less disability than late treatment, but decline could continue. When hearing and vision improved, gains lasted only the first 12 months.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Associations between Social Experiences and Psychological Health for Autistic Youth with Low IQ.Journal of autism and developmental disordersFor autistic youth with low IQ, having enough social activity matters more than how much. Higher victimization linked to lower quality of life and depression. Time with friends was the most common unmet need. Being ignored was frequent, but victimization was the stronger predictor of poor mental health.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Trends in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in California: Disparities by Sociodemographic Factors and Region Between 1990-2018.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAutism diagnosis rates in California have shifted from affluent, White communities to lower-income, Hispanic and Black communities. Girls are now diagnosed at a ratio closer to 3:1 with boys. Clinicians should expect rising referrals from underserved regions and younger patients presenting with later-diagnosed profiles.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024The inequity of education, health and care plan provision for children and young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRIn England, children and young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities were less likely to have an education, health and care plan if they lived in more deprived areas or outside London, despite below national expected attainment scores and high emotional and behavioural difficulties.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2024Defining paediatric neurorehabilitation: You cannot improve what you cannot characterize.Developmental medicine and child neurologyCurrent labels like 'occupational therapy' or 'Bobath' hide what actually happens in the room. To see if a treatment works, therapists must specify the active ingredients and how they are delivered, rather than relying on vague job titles or session counts.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Development of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors from 2-19: Stability and Change in Repetitive Sensorimotor, Insistence on Sameness, and Verbal Behaviors in a Longitudinal Study of Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disordersRestricted and repetitive behaviors in autism do not follow a single path. Most children showed declining repetitive motor behaviors, while insistence on sameness often increased then plateaued or declined. Verbal repetitive behaviors surged as language developed, then stabilized.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025Physical Activity for Anxiety for Autistic People: A Systematic Review.Journal of autism and developmental disordersPhysical activity interventions show mixed results for anxiety in autistic people. While some studies found reductions in anxiety symptoms, others showed no significant difference compared to control groups. Evidence is limited by small sample sizes and varied measurement methods.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025The Association Between Gastrointestinal Issues and Psychometric Scores in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Delays, Down Syndrome, and Typical Development.Journal of autism and developmental disordersFrequent gastrointestinal issues, especially constipation, are linked to lower adaptive skills and more maladaptive behaviors in children with autism and developmental delays. These symptoms were not associated with test scores in children with Down syndrome. Clinicians should screen for GI problems when behavior worsens.
• PTOTSLPRCT2025Effects of Motor Intervention Program on Academic Skills, Motor Skills and Social Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersA 12-week motor program improved gross motor skills, pre-academic concepts like colors and numbers, and social cooperation in autistic preschoolers. The intervention group showed significantly lower autistic index scores and fewer behavioral problems compared to the control group.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Outcomes Among Transition-Age Autistic Youth.Journal of autism and developmental disordersTransition-age autistic youth report far more adverse childhood experiences than non-autistic peers, especially bullying. Higher ACE counts link to poor general health, anxiety, depression, and physical conditions. Screening for community-based adversity like bullying is essential to identify those at risk.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2025The Relationship Between Fatigue and Quality of Life in the Turkish Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersMothers of children with autism reported significantly greater fatigue impact on their daily functioning and lower quality of life than mothers of typically developing children. Their own perceived quality of life and physical mobility were the strongest predictors of this fatigue, rather than how disruptive they found their child's specific behaviors.
• PTOTCohort2024Associations between autistic and comorbid somatic problems of gastrointestinal disorders, food allergy, pain, and fatigue in adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceHigher autistic symptom scores were linked to more IBS, likely food allergy, pain, and fatigue in 35,048 adults. Pain and fatigue links were stronger in women, and likely food allergy and fatigue links were stronger in younger adults.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Development of a new social prescribing intervention for families of children with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyFamilies reported many unmet social needs, especially benefits, National Disability Insurance Scheme and transport. Parents and clinicians co-designed screening, resource packs and a community linker role, but this paper does not show the programme improves outcomes.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Exploring the role of the rock climbing Treadwall as a novel therapy tool in physical rehabilitation.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationNine children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy used a rotating climbing wall for 10 minutes daily. They climbed significantly farther and faster after three weeks. Upper limb function scores improved. The study confirms feasibility and safety but cannot prove the wall caused the gains.
• PTCohort2025Increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy in children born very preterm in Denmark.Developmental medicine and child neurologyCP prevalence among Danish children born very preterm increased by 3.5% annually from 2003 to 47.8 per 1000 live births in 2013, while neonatal mortality fell. This is a population trend, not evidence that therapy changes CP risk.
• PTOTPilot2025Effectiveness of Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance for autistic children with developmental coordination disorder.Developmental medicine and child neurologyTwenty-six autistic children improved their self-rated performance and satisfaction on chosen motor goals after Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance. Independent ratings confirmed better movement quality. Standardised motor proficiency scores did not show clinically meaningful change.
• PTOTCohort2025Physical function and perceived pain following inpatient intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for children and adolescents.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationChildren and adolescents in a 4-week inpatient interdisciplinary pain program showed large improvements in physical function, motor proficiency, and occupational performance, alongside reduced pain. Without a control group, these gains cannot be definitively attributed to the program alone.
• PTOTOther2025The MyGuide Web-Based Self-Management Tool for Concussion Rehabilitation: Mixed Methods Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesEight adults with concussion and eight clinicians described MyGuide as easy to use and helpful for basic recovery information. Participants found it reassuring, but many stopped once they understood enough, and some wanted more detail.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Effectiveness of a 5-day adapted swim instruction program for children with disabilities.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesMost children with disabilities improved their swim skill level after a 5-day adapted camp. Fearfulness stopped progress for many autistic children, while those with Down syndrome needed more practice time. Older children with Down syndrome showed greater improvement.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Experts' Views on Children's Access to Community-Based Therapeutic and Education Services After Genomic Sequencing Results.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPCalifornia service providers stated that genetic diagnoses do not determine eligibility for therapy or education. Access relies on observed behavioral deficits and adaptive function. Families with greater resources and self-advocacy skills are more successful in navigating the complex system to obtain services.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2025Return to sports after pediatric traumatic brain injury: An expert panel survey.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationExpert opinions on when children with serious brain injuries can return to sports vary widely. Risk of the activity mattered more than injury severity for most scenarios. For severe injuries and high-contact sports, many experts recommended waiting months or never returning, highlighting the need for individualized decision-making.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health in autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A scoping review.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAcross 78 studies, the ICF framework helped clinicians map autism and ADHD functioning to daily life contexts like school and work. Most interventions still ignored environmental barriers, focusing only on changing the patient. Using ICF Core Sets can shift assessment toward participation and context.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2025Genetic investigations in cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyA genetic cause is found in many children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, especially those with normal MRI scans or worsening symptoms. Therapists should flag these signs for medical review. A genetic diagnosis does not rule out the cerebral palsy label or its management.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Neonatal therapy principles during transition from neonatal intensive care unit to home: A modified Delphi study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyExperts agreed that four intervention principles are essential for NICU-to-home transitions: building caregiver-child relationships, optimizing development, sharing education, and enriching environments. They stated these must be delivered together, not in isolation. This reflects expert opinion, not tested efficacy.
• PTSystematic Review2025Psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and culturally adapted or translated versions when used for infant populations internationally: A systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe Alberta Infant Motor Scale can score infants consistently, but many countries lack validated norms. Use a culturally adapted or translated version with local norms when available; otherwise, AIMS scores may not accurately identify motor delay.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2025Parental diagnostic delay and developmental outcomes in congenital and childhood-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1.Developmental medicine and child neurologyHalf of parents in this series did not know they had myotonic dystrophy type 1 until their child was diagnosed. Children with the congenital form faced severe early breathing and feeding issues, while both groups showed high rates of delayed speech and low cognitive scores.
• PTMeta-Analysis2024Psychometrics of Wearable Devices Measuring Physical Activity in Ambulant Children With Gait Abnormalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationWearable activity monitors are generally consistent when repeated and agree reasonably well with reference measures in ambulant children with gait problems. Accuracy varies by setting, activity type and age. This is about measurement, not therapy effect.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Characterizing self-reported physical activity before and during a subsequent pregnancy among parents in a familial autism cohort.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMost parents of autistic children miss exercise targets, dropping to under 10% during pregnancy. While child autism traits did not predict overall activity levels, mothers of children with higher trait scores were nearly three times as likely to stop vigorous exercise when pregnant.