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Orthopaedic research

Everything we have read on orthopaedic. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,015 PAPERS · PAGE 6 OF 41 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTRCT2018Effects of stretching exercise training and ergonomic modifications on musculoskeletal discomforts of office workers: a randomized controlled trial.Brazilian journal of physical therapySix months of office stretching reduced neck, shoulder and lower back discomfort more than no treatment. Adding desk or chair changes to exercise did not improve pain more than exercise alone.
• PTOther2017Chinese translation and validation of the Oxford Knee Scale for patients with knee osteoarthritis.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoThe Chinese Oxford Knee Scale measured knee pain and function in 100 Hong Kong patients with osteoarthritis. Answers were stable over 7 days and matched WOMAC pain and function. It may be used with Chinese-reading patients.
• PTOTSystematic Review2017Effects of interventions with therapeutic suits (clothing) on impairments and functional limitations of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Brazilian journal of physical therapyTherapeutic suits for children with CP have weak evidence. DEFO and TheraTogs studies reported posture and gait improvements while worn. TheraSuit/AdeliSuit trials did not show a clear suit-only effect. Full body suits caused discomfort.
• PTRCT2018Effectiveness of graded activity versus physiotherapy in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: midterm follow up results of a randomized controlled trial.Brazilian journal of physical therapyFor chronic nonspecific low back pain, graded activity and physiotherapy exercises worked similarly at three and six months. Pain and disability improved in both groups, and neither approach was clearly better.
• PTOTCohort2018The Brazilian Back Complaints in the Elders (Brazilian BACE) study: characteristics of Brazilian older adults with a new episode of low back pain.Brazilian journal of physical therapyOlder Brazilian adults with new low back pain reported high pain and disability. Those with lower education and income had worse pain, more disability, and greater fear of falling. Age alone did not predict worse outcomes; the 55–74 group reported more pain than the 75+ group.
• PTOTSLPOther2017Functional disability in patients with low back pain: the mediator role of suffering and beliefs about pain control in patients receiving physical and chiropractic treatment.Brazilian journal of physical therapyIn chronic back pain patients, subjective suffering mediated the link between depression and disability in both physical and chiropractic groups. Believing pain is controlled by chance events mediated this link only in the physical therapy group. Anxiety did not act through these mediators.
• PTRCT2017Hydrotherapy improves pain and function in older women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.Brazilian journal of physical therapyOlder women with knee osteoarthritis who added six weeks of hydrotherapy to education had less pain and better function than education alone. The benefit was short-term and compared with education only, not land-based exercise.
• PTOTRCT2017Effects of magnetic field therapy after taping application on pain and function of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding magnetic field therapy after either non-elastic or elastic taping significantly reduced pain and improved function in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to standard physiotherapy alone. No significant difference was found between the two taping types, so either can be used.
• PTRCT2018Exercise, Manual Therapy, and Booster Sessions in Knee Osteoarthritis: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Physical therapyDistributing physical therapy visits over 12 months with periodic booster sessions was more cost-effective than delivering all sessions within 9 weeks. Strategies without boosters were dominated, meaning they cost more and provided less benefit.
• PTRCT2017Comparison of immediate effects between two medical stretching techniques on Hamstrings flexibility.Journal of physical therapy scienceBoth self-applied medical stretches improved finger-to-floor distance immediately in 13 healthy young men; the new stretch produced a larger immediate gain.
• PTOTRCT2017Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity and Clinical Low Back Pain Measures in Adolescents With Chronic or Subacute Recurrent Low Back Pain.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyAccelerometer data showed no meaningful link between how much adolescents with chronic low back pain moved and their pain, disability, or quality of life. Activity levels did not explain clinical symptoms, suggesting movement volume alone is not a reliable marker of severity.
• PTOther2018Translation, cross-adaptation and measurement properties of the Brazilian version of the ACL-RSI Scale and ACL-QoL Questionnaire in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Brazilian journal of physical therapyThe Brazilian Portuguese versions of the ACL-RSI and ACL-QoL are reliable and valid for assessing psychological readiness and quality of life in patients after ACL reconstruction. They can be used clinically to guide return-to-sport decisions.
• PTOther2017Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score of Korean national ice hockey players.Journal of physical therapy scienceKnee pain, symptoms, daily function, sport function and quality of life were mostly related in 18 Korean national ice hockey players. Daily function and quality of life were the exception.
• PTOther2017Effects of pulsed therapeutic ultrasound on the treatment of people with knee osteoarthritis.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 17 people with knee osteoarthritis, ten sessions of pulsed ultrasound were followed by less pain and a longer six-minute walk. No control group and analgesic use in 11 participants, so ultrasound alone may not explain the changes.
• PTOTOther2017Quantitative assessment of locomotive syndrome by the loco-check questionnaire in older Japanese females.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 71 older Japanese women, more yes answers on the loco-check were linked with lower physical quality of life, lower serum albumin and lower protein intake, and with muscle and performance tests. It may help grade mobility problems, but this study did not test outcomes.
• PTSystematic Review2018The influence of dosing on effect size of exercise therapy for musculoskeletal foot and ankle disorders: a systematic review.Brazilian journal of physical therapyExercise therapy produced large improvements in pain and function for Achilles tendinopathy, ankle sprains and plantar heel pain regardless of dose. Session length, frequency and total number of visits did not consistently predict better outcomes. Prescribe exercise that patients can perform and adhere to.
• PTCohort2018Reference values and reliability for lumbopelvic strength and endurance in asymptomatic subjects.Brazilian journal of physical therapyHealthy adults completed lumbopelvic strength and endurance tests, and the results were consistent between raters and repeat testing. Reference values were higher in men, younger adults, and active adults, so compare patients with matched groups, not one universal cutoff.
• PTCase-Control2017Hip Abductor Muscle Volume and Strength Differences Between Women With Chronic Hip Joint Pain and Asymptomatic Controls.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyWomen with chronic hip pain had weaker hip abductors but larger gluteal muscles than matched controls. This disconnect suggests weakness may stem from poor muscle quality or activation rather than simple atrophy, though the small sample limits firm conclusions.
• PTNarrative Review2017Diagnosis and treatment of movement system impairment syndromes.Brazilian journal of physical therapyA physical therapy framework classifies musculoskeletal pain by impaired movement patterns and corrects them in daily activities, but evidence is limited. The cited low back pain trial found no difference between classification-specific and non-classification-specific treatment.
• PTOther2017The relationship between the physical cost index and knee extensor strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, stronger knee extensors were linked to less heart rate rise during walking. This suggests knee strength may relate to walking effort, but the study did not test whether strengthening helps.
• PTOTOther2017Disability in older adults with acute low back pain: the study Back Complaints in the Elderly - (Brazil).Brazilian journal of physical therapyIn older adults with acute low back pain, pain intensity was not associated with disability. The oldest old did daily activities less often, and oldest old living with a partner did personal activities less often than those living alone.
• PTNarrative Review2018Do hip muscle weakness and dynamic knee valgus matter for the clinical evaluation and decision-making process in patients with patellofemoral pain?Brazilian journal of physical therapyNo primary methods or results are reported. This narrative review/commentary does not provide a new finding to change practice.
• PTCase-Control2017Proprioceptive change impairs balance control in older patients with low back pain.Journal of physical therapy scienceOlder adults with chronic low back pain relied more on trunk sensation than leg sensation during high-frequency vibration, and had lower proportion of a deep trunk muscle and greater disability. These differences were associated with low back pain, not proof of cause.
• PTOTOther2017The relationship between physical capacity and fear avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn men with chronic low back pain, higher leg strength and cardiopulmonary endurance linked to lower fear of physical activity. Abdominal endurance linked to lower fear about work. However, this cross-sectional study cannot prove that fitness changes fear.
• PTOTRCT2017Does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) simultaneously combined with local heat and cold applications enhance pain relief compared with TENS alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis?Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding heat or cold to TENS did not relieve knee pain better than TENS alone. All groups saw immediate pain reduction, but only the heat group improved walking speed. This suggests heat may aid movement, not just pain.
• PTRCT2017Changes in rounded shoulder posture and forward head posture according to exercise methods.Journal of physical therapy scienceThe McKenzie, self-stretch, and Kendall exercise programs did not differ between groups on measured posture, although each group improved from its own baseline.
• PTOTSystematic Review2017Systematic Review of Prognostic Factors for Return to Work in Workers with Sub Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain.Journal of occupational rehabilitationFor workers with subacute or chronic low back pain, pain intensity and function do not predict return to work. Instead, delay in referral, attorney involvement, workers compensation issues, lower socioeconomic status, and poor recovery expectations predict delayed return.
• PTRCT2017Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Guideline for Low Back Pain: Process-Evaluation Among Health Care Professionals.Journal of occupational rehabilitationA guideline implementation strategy including training, take-home materials, rules of conduct, contact details, quarterly reminders, monthly newsletters and website/social media was mostly delivered and well liked. Participants reported guideline awareness, but time, payment, privacy and distrust remained barriers.
• PTOTCohort2017A Return-to-Work Prognostic Model for Orthopaedic Trauma Patients (WORRK) Updated for Use at 3, 12 and 24 Months.Journal of occupational rehabilitationThe WORRK model can predict return-to-work status at 3 and 12 months after orthopaedic trauma if its intercept is updated. It correctly identifies non-returners with moderate accuracy, helping clinicians tailor rehabilitation intensity earlier in the recovery process.
• PTOther2017The effect of knee flexion angles and ground conditions on the muscle activation of the lower extremity in the squat position.Journal of physical therapy scienceSquatting deeper on stable ground increased vastus medialis and tibialis anterior muscle activity compared to shallower angles. Switching to an unstable balance pad did not change muscle activity at any depth.
• PTOTSystematic Review2018Effectiveness of Workplace Interventions in Return-to-Work for Musculoskeletal, Pain-Related and Mental Health Conditions: An Update of the Evidence and Messages for Practitioners.Journal of occupational rehabilitationInterventions that combined components from several workplace domains had evidence of reducing lost time for workers off work with musculoskeletal, pain or mental health conditions. Work-focused CBT also reduced lost time and costs; traditional CBT alone did not reduce lost time.
• PTOTQualitative2018Delivering high quality hip fracture rehabilitation: the perspective of occupational and physical therapy practitioners.Disability and rehabilitationTherapists and assistants in skilled nursing facilities described high quality hip fracture rehabilitation as getting patients home safely, building trust early, and teaching patients and caregivers to manage pain, precautions, medications and fall risk.
• PTOTRCT2018Effect of Inpatient Multicomponent Occupational Rehabilitation Versus Less Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation on Sickness Absence in Persons with Musculoskeletal- or Mental Health Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of occupational rehabilitationFor adults on sick leave with musculoskeletal, psychological or unspecific disorders, a 4+4 day inpatient multicomponent program did not reduce sickness absence more than a less comprehensive outpatient program. The outpatient program looked similar, not clearly better.
• PTCohort2017Factors influencing period from surgery to discharge in patients with femoral trochanteric fractures.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 60 patients after trochanteric fracture fixation, lesser trochanteric displacement and higher age were associated with longer surgery-to-discharge time. Among 19 with weekly X-rays, 57.9% had displacement immediately, and 26.3% had confirmed displacement from start of physical therapy to 3 weeks postoperatively.
• PTOther2017The effects of calcaneal posture on thoracolumbar alignment in a standing position.Journal of physical therapy scienceA 5° or 10° medial wedge in standing changed pelvic and trunk alignment in 10 healthy men. Anterior pelvic tilt increased, but not with wedge angle; single-foot wedges produced larger pelvic medial tilt changes than bilateral wedges.
• PTCase Report2017Lumbar extension traction alleviates symptoms and facilitates healing of disc herniation/sequestration in 6-weeks, following failed treatment from three previous chiropractors: a CBP® case report with an 8 year follow-up.Journal of physical therapy scienceA follow-up MRI reported no evidence of lumbar herniation or sequestration in one man after 6-weeks of chiropractic care for MRI-confirmed herniation. Several treatments were given together, so the effect of lumbar extension traction alone cannot be known.
• PTOTOther2017Effect of pain on fear of falling in patients with femoral proximal fracture.Journal of physical therapy scienceFour weeks after surgery for femoral proximal fracture, age and higher pain intensity were linked to lower confidence about avoiding falls. Walking, balance and daily independence did not differ across confidence groups, so pain is worth asking about.
• PTOTPilot2018Functional Capacity Evaluation in Upper Limb Reduction Deficiency and Amputation: Development and Pilot Testing.Journal of occupational rehabilitationAdapted functional capacity tests for one-handed adults proved feasible but revealed lower lifting weights than two-handed controls. The prosthesis often limited performance due to grip safety rather than muscle strength, and no link was found between test scores and current pain.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2017Reduction of progressive thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by chiropractic biophysics® (CBP®) mirror image® methods following failed traditional chiropractic treatment: a case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceA 15-year-old with worsening adolescent idiopathic scoliosis showed a 19-degree curve reduction after 24 sessions of combined chiropractic mirror-image exercises, traction, and manipulation. This single case cannot prove the treatment works, as multiple interventions were delivered simultaneously without a control group.
• PTOther2018Comprehensive biomechanical characterization of feet in USMA cadets: Comparison across race, gender, arch flexibility, and foot types.Gait & postureIn 1090 healthy young cadets, flat feet were common, but walking overpronation did not track with arch height alone. Asian cadets showed more flexible arches and overpronation; female cadets did too despite similar standing arch posture.
• PTOTQualitative2018Understanding barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity from patients either before and after knee arthroplasty.Disability and rehabilitationPatients cited pain, low fitness, and mood as top barriers to activity, while craving high-calorie foods and stress hindered eating. Facilitators included pre-planning meals, using wearable trackers, and linking healthy habits directly to better surgical outcomes.
• PTOther2018The coupled effects of crouch gait and patella alta on tibiofemoral and patellofemoral cartilage loading in children.Gait & postureCrouch gait in children increased simulated knee cartilage pressures and shifted tibial loading posteriorly. Patellar position changed contact location; pressures were relatively insensitive except severe crouch.
• PTOTSurvey2018Prevalence and causes of work disability among working-age U.S. adults, 2011-2013, NHIS.Disability and health journal10.4% of working-age U.S. adults reported work disability. Back or neck problems, depression, anxiety or emotional problems, and arthritis were the most common causes, even among people with other chronic conditions.
• PTOTRCT2017Mindfulness Is Associated With Treatment Response From Nonpharmacologic Exercise Interventions in Knee Osteoarthritis.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPatients with higher baseline mindfulness were 38% more likely to respond to Tai Chi or physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis. The specific facet of acting with awareness showed the strongest association with treatment success.
• PTRCT2018The effect of actively induced vibration using shoulder joint on pain and dysfunction in patients with low back pain.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding Flexi-Bar vibration exercises to standard physical therapy reduced pain and disability more than standard therapy alone in patients with chronic low back pain.
• PTOTRCT2018Effects of 12-week lumbar stabilization exercise and sling exercise on lumbosacral region angle, lumbar muscle strength, and pain scale of patients with chronic low back pain.Journal of physical therapy scienceTwelve weeks of lumbar stabilization or sling exercises improved muscle strength, flexibility, and pain scores in adults with chronic low back pain. However, neither exercise changed spinal angles, so these programmes do not appear to correct structural alignment.
• PTOther2018Rater reliability and construct validity of a mobile application for posture analysis.Journal of physical therapy scienceWith reflective markers and minimal clothing, the posture app gave consistent measurements between raters and detected expected head changes plus an unexpected shoulder shift in healthy young adults while they texted or called.
• PTOTRCT2018Motivational Interviewing for Workers with Disabling Musculoskeletal Disorders: Results of a Cluster Randomized Control Trial.Journal of occupational rehabilitationAdding motivational interviewing to rehab helped workers without jobs return to work (21.6% vs 9.5%), but not those with jobs. The benefit depended on therapists actually using the technique correctly, which happened in only 26% of cases.
• PTOther2018Electrophysiological assessment of piano players' back extensor muscles on a regular piano bench and chair with back rest.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 10 healthy professional pianists, an adjusted chair with back rest lowered back extensor muscle activity and discomfort during five hours of piano playing compared with a regular piano bench.
• PTOther2018Effects of microcurrent and cryotherapy on C-reactive protein levels and muscle tone of patients with rotator cuff reconstruction.Journal of physical therapy scienceAfter rotator cuff repair, men receiving CPM plus cryotherapy had the greatest reduction in inflammation marker CRP and supraspinatus tone over two weeks. CPM and analgesics were given to all groups, so cryotherapy alone cannot be isolated.