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Orthopaedic research

Everything we have read on orthopaedic. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,015 PAPERS · PAGE 11 OF 41 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOther2019Examination of the intrarater reliability of ultrasound measurements of the thickness of the lumbar and lateral abdominal muscles in the prone position.Journal of physical therapy scienceUltrasound muscle thickness measured in prone position was stable for back muscles in 10 healthy adult males, but side abdominal muscles varied more between days. Small changes may not be real.
• PTOTSurvey2019Low Back Pain and Associated Factors among Primary School Teachers in Mekele City, North Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Occupational therapy internationalLow back pain was reported by 74.8% of primary school teachers in Mekele. Sleep disturbance and prolonged standing were linked to higher reports of pain, but this was not a test of treatment.
• PTOther2019Effects of different oral instructions on kinematic and kinetic parameters during drop vertical jump.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 20 healthy women, telling them to 'jump quickly' during a drop vertical jump shortened landing time, raised peak landing force, and increased inward knee angle compared with 'jump high'. Instructions change what the test shows.
• PTOTSurvey2019Level of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards patients with chronic low back pain among final year School of Therapeutic Sciences students at the University of the Witwatersrand - A cross-sectional study.The South African journal of physiotherapyFinal-year therapeutic science students scored 6.01 out of 12 on pain knowledge and 63.1 out of 105 on beliefs that chronic pain justifies impairment. Physiotherapy students scored higher than occupational therapy students.
• PTCohort2019Low Back Pain in Adults With Transfemoral Amputation: A Retrospective Population-Based Study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationTransfemoral amputation was associated with more low back pain visits in dysvascular amputation. Early low back pain events were more likely in both amputation causes. Prosthesis findings were unclear.
• PTCohort2019Trunk Muscle Composition 2 Months After Hip Fracture: Findings From the Baltimore Hip Studies.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationTwo months after hip fracture, older white patients had smaller trunk muscles than older white non-fracture controls, especially side abdominal muscles. Their muscle fat content measured by CT appeared lower, not higher.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2019Self-management of a musculoskeletal condition for people from harder to reach groups: a qualitative patient interview study.Disability and rehabilitationPatients with musculoskeletal conditions reported that clinicians focused on medication and cure, leaving them feeling hopeless about self-management. They relied on family, neighbours, and community networks for practical support and understanding, rather than finding clear guidance in rushed clinical consultations.
• PTOTQualitative2019Older adults' perceptions of wearable technology hip protectors: implications for further research and development strategies.Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technologyMost participants thought the hip protector idea was good, but many said they would not wear it. They worried about underwear style, visibility, dexterity, incontinence pads, mobile signal, and cost.
• PTCohort2020Benefits of direct patient discharge to outpatient physical therapy after total knee arthroplasty.Disability and rehabilitationOne month after knee replacement, patients who went straight to outpatient physical therapy had smaller losses in stair climbing, walking and strength than those who started with home visits. Direct outpatient care may mean faster recovery, but the study was not randomised.
• PTOTSystematic Review2019Sustainable Return to Work: A Systematic Review Focusing on Personal and Social Factors.Journal of occupational rehabilitationSupport from managers and colleagues, positive attitude, confidence, younger age and higher education were most consistently linked with staying back at work after musculoskeletal or mental health absence. No single factor explained sustainable return.
• PTOTCohort2020Examination of the Lumbar Movement Pattern during a Clinical Test and a Functional Activity Test in People with and without Low Back Pain.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationLumbar movement patterns during a clinical forward bend test closely match those used during a functional pick-up task. Early lumbar excursion predicts functional limitation in people with chronic low back pain, suggesting clinical tests can reflect real-world movement issues.
• PTMeta-Analysis2019Efficacy and potential determinants of exercise therapy in knee and hip osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicineExercise therapy for knee or hip osteoarthritis gave moderate pain, function and physical performance gains at 8 weeks, and a small quality of life gain. Effects peaked around 2 months and faded by 9 to 18 months in some outcomes.
• PTCohort2019Trajectories of functional performance and muscle strength recovery differ after total knee and total hip replacement: a performance-based, longitudinal study.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationOne month after knee replacement, people lost more strength, moved more slowly and walked less distance than after hip replacement. By six months both groups returned near their levels before surgery, but hip recovery plateaued earlier while knee recovery continued.
• PTCohort2020Reduction in Thigh Muscle Strength Occurs Concurrently but Does Not Seem to Precede Incident Knee Pain in Women: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative Cohort.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationThigh extensor strength loss did not precede new knee pain in women. In women with knee OA on X-ray, strength fell at the same time pain appeared. Men showed no clear pattern.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2019Does Gait Retraining Have the Potential to Reduce Medial Compartmental Loading in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis While Not Adversely Affecting the Other Lower Limb Joints? A Systematic Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationGait retraining reduced knee loading in some studies, but evidence for safety at the hip and ankle is missing or conflicting. Most data came from healthy people, not patients with knee osteoarthritis, so these findings cannot yet guide clinical practice.
• PTOther2020Influence of Antagonistic Hamstring Coactivation on Measurement of Quadriceps Strength in Older Adults.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationHigher hamstring coactivation was linked to lower measured quadriceps strength in older adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis. It was seen mainly in women. A low strength-test score may not mean true quadriceps weakness.
• PTCohort2020Evidence that Swimming May Be Protective of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationKnee pain was not lower in adults who reported swimming once other factors were considered, but they had less X-ray evidence of knee osteoarthritis, especially in young adulthood. This shows association, not proof swimming prevents knee osteoarthritis.
• PTCohort2020Effect of Partial Sick Leave on Sick Leave Duration in Employees with Musculoskeletal Disorders.Journal of occupational rehabilitationDutch employees with musculoskeletal sick leave who worked reduced hours had longer sick leave duration in main analysis. Timing analyses mostly showed no difference, except starting between 91 and 180 days in episodes already lasting at least 180 days was associated with shorter duration.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Chronic Pain Characteristics and Gait in Older Adults: The MOBILIZE Boston Study II.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationOlder adults with multisite pain walked slower and with more variability than those with no pain, regardless of whether they were performing a concurrent mental task. Pain distribution, not the addition of a cognitive challenge, drove the gait deficits.
• PTRCT2019Electromyography Evaluation of Bodyweight Exercise Progression in a Validated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Rehabilitation Program: A Cross-Sectional Study.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn healthy athletes, hamstring activity did not increase from early to late phases, and late-phase hamstring activity was 26% to 45% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Cook hip lift reached high hamstring activity, about 64% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction in both hamstring muscles.
• PTRCT2020Restoring physical function after knee replacement: a cross sectional comparison of progressive strengthening vs standard physical therapy.Physiotherapy theory and practiceAt 12 months after knee replacement, both therapy groups were worse than healthy adults on average. Progressive outpatient strengthening, with or without electrical stimulation, was linked to more patients reaching normal knee extension, quadriceps strength, and stair-climbing times.
• PTCohort2019Clinical and Biomechanical Efficacies of Mechanical Perturbation Training After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture.Journal of sport rehabilitationMechanical perturbation training matched manual therapy for gait mechanics and patient-reported knee function. However, the mechanical group started with better baseline function and showed superior hop symmetry, making it unclear if the device itself caused these differences.
• PTCohort2020Validity of Visual Assessment of Sit to Stand After Hip Fracture.Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001)Experienced home health physical therapists watched sit-to-stand videos and judged involved-leg force close enough to the measured value only 39% of the time. They identified the leg producing less force 74% of the time.
• PTOTRCT2019The Applicability of a High-Intensity Functional Exercise Program Among Older People With Dementia Living in Nursing Homes.Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001)Older adults with mild to moderate dementia in nursing homes attended a high-intensity exercise program at a median rate of 82.5%. Most achieved moderate to high intensity. Adverse events were minor and temporary. People with non-Alzheimer's dementia exercised with higher strength intensity than those with Alzheimer's.
• PTPilot2020PALS: peer support for community dwelling older people with chronic low back pain: a feasibility and acceptability study.PhysiotherapyPeer support after physiotherapy was feasible and acceptable for older adults with chronic low back pain. Volunteers delivered six fortnightly sessions, often face-to-face. Participants valued encouragement and having someone listen, but this small study did not test whether it reduced pain or disability.
• PTPilot2019Injury Risk Factors Integrated Into Self-Guided Real-Time Biofeedback Improves High-Risk Biomechanics.Journal of sport rehabilitationPlanned tests did not show that real-time biofeedback improved squatting performance more than sham during acquisition or retention. When training blocks were averaged, real-time feedback scores were higher than sham scores, but no lasting change was found.
• PTOTPilot2019Wrist-Based Accelerometers and Visual Analog Scales as Outcome Measures for Shoulder Activity During Daily Living in Patients With Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: Instrument Validation Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesWrist accelerometers were acceptable to patients but failed to correlate with standard shoulder questionnaires or clinical exams. Daily pain scores and a single numeric evaluation were reliable and sensitive to change, while activity ratings showed poor convergence with objective movement data.
• PTCohort2019Self-reported sinus headaches are associated with neck pain and cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction: a preliminary observational case control study.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapyMost people with self-reported sinus headaches also had neck pain. Blinded examination found less sagittal and transverse neck motion, lower neck flexor endurance, and more upper cervical joint pain than in people without headache or neck pain.
• PTCase-Control2019Pain Provocation and the Energy Cost of Walking: A Matched Comparison Study of Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain With Radiculopathy.Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001)Older adults with chronic low-back radicular pain whose pain rose by at least 2 points while walking had a higher energy cost by the end of the test. Those whose pain did not rise, and matched pain-free controls, did not change energy cost.
• PTCohort2019Partial medial meniscectomy leads to altered walking mechanics two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Meniscal repair does not.Gait & postureTwo years after ACL reconstruction, athletes who also had a partial medial meniscectomy walked with smaller knee flexion angles and higher medial knee forces than those with meniscus repair or no injury. This altered mechanics may explain their higher risk of developing osteoarthritis.
• PTOTSLPOther2019Effects of a corrective heel lift with an orthopaedic walking boot on joint mechanics and symmetry during gait.Gait & postureWalking boots slowed gait and changed hip and knee mechanics. A contralateral heel lift helped some movements but did not restore normal walking. It also increased knee varus moments, which may be risky for patients with knee pathology.
• PTOther2019The effects of pediatric obesity on patellofemoral joint contact force during walking.Gait & postureObese children had higher kneecap joint load than healthy-weight children at the second peak and averaged across walking, but first peak and body-weight normalized loads were not higher.
• PTPilot2019Actigraphic measurement of the upper limbs movements in acute stroke patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWrist sensors in 20 acute stroke patients showed the paretic arm moved less than the unaffected arm. One index identified the paretic arm in 95% of patients. This is monitoring, not treatment.
• PTProtocol2019Incorporating Specific Functional Strength Integration Techniques to Improve Functional Performance for Veterans After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.Physical therapyThis paper is a protocol for a planned trial. It describes how researchers will compare two physical therapy programs for veterans after hip replacement surgery. No patients have been treated and no results are reported, so there is no evidence to act on yet.
• PTOTCohort2019The Life-Space Assessment Measure of Functional Mobility Has Utility in Community-Based Physical Therapist Practice in the United Kingdom.Physical therapyThe 5-minute Life-Space Assessment reflected patients' home and outdoor mobility and changed over treatment. Scores were higher in outpatient patients and improved most after recent hospital discharge.
• PTOTCohort2019Abnormal Joint Loading During Gait in Persons With Hip Osteoarthritis Is Associated With Symptoms and Cartilage Lesions.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyPeople with hip arthritis walked with significantly higher hip loading than controls. This extra load was linked to worse pain, daily function, and specific cartilage damage seen on MRI, suggesting gait mechanics are a target for symptom management.
• PTOther2019Distinguishing Quadriceps Tendinopathy and Patellar Tendinopathy: Semantics or Significant?The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyThe authors argue that quadriceps tendinopathy is distinct from patellar tendinopathy and should not be treated with identical protocols. They suggest loading quadriceps tendinopathy in deep knee flexion and using pain to guide exercise selection, but offer no evidence that these changes improve outcomes.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Impact of Secondary ADHD on Long-Term Outcomes After Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationChildren who developed new attention problems years after a brain injury showed significantly worse behavior control and daily functioning in early adolescence. This risk was much higher than in children with orthopedic injuries who developed similar attention issues.
• PTOther2019Physiotherapist's musculoskeletal imaging profiling questionnaire: Development, validation and pilot testing.The South African journal of physiotherapyA new questionnaire to profile physiotherapists' imaging training and practice showed good reliability for most sections but poor consistency for utilisation questions. It is suitable for research surveys, not for assessing individual clinical competence.
• PTOther2019Is there a relationship between self-efficacy, disability, pain and sociodemographic characteristics in chronic low back pain? A multicenter retrospective analysis.Archives of physiotherapyMost Italian outpatients with chronic low back pain starting physiotherapy reported low confidence in doing activities despite pain. Female sex and pain medication use were linked to lower confidence and higher disability; education, age and smoking related to pain and disability.
• PTOther2019Changes in reaching skill in patients with cervical spondylosis after cervical decompression surgery.Journal of physical therapy scienceAfter surgery and rehabilitation with stretching, muscle training of all four limbs and targeted practice for activities in daily life, nine men showed forward-reaching wrist acceleration peak increase from 2.0 to 2.7 G; grip and pinch strength did not change.
• PTOther2019Pressure biofeedback unit to assess and train lumbopelvic stability in supine individuals with chronic low back pain.Journal of physical therapy scienceUsing a pressure biofeedback unit during a leg raise did not correlate with muscle activity or balance, so it cannot assess stability. However, seeing the unit's reading helped participants increase abdominal muscle activity and reduce pelvic sway.
• PTOther2019Effect of lateral-wedge insole on the center of foot pressure and lower extremity muscle activity at gait initiation in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn women with medial knee osteoarthritis, a lateral-wedge insole increased forward foot-pressure movement at the start of walking compared with barefoot. Backward movement was lower than in healthy women. Calf muscle timing was similar to healthy women. This was a small study.
• PTCase Report2019Non-surgical reduction of lumbar hyperlordosis, forward sagittal balance and sacral tilt to relieve low back pain by Chiropractic BioPhysics® methods: a case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceOne woman with chronic low back pain had less pain and improved posture on X-ray after 73 chiropractic BioPhysics treatments combining traction, mirror-image exercises, and spinal manipulation. This is one case, not evidence the methods work.
• PTOther2019A new two square agility test for workplace health-reliability, validity and minimal detectable change.Journal of physical therapy scienceThe Two Square Agility Test measured stepping time in 248 working-age adults. It was consistent within a session and over one week, and times were related to TUG, sit-to-stand, step length, fast walking, and physical activity. A change under 1.37 seconds may not be real.
• PTNarrative Review2019Altered musculoskeletal mechanics as risk factors for postpartum pelvic girdle pain: a literature review.Journal of physical therapy sciencePregnant women with more pelvic pain and disability, several positive pelvic provocation tests, asymmetric sacroiliac laxity, or low trunk endurance were more likely to have pelvic girdle pain persisting after childbirth. Breastfeeding, age alone, and prior back pain were inconsistent.
• PTOTSLPRCT2020Athletes With Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Were Slower to Meet Rehabilitation Milestones and Return-to-Sport Criteria Than Athletes With Hamstring Tendon Autograft or Soft Tissue Allograft : Secondary Analysis From the ACL-SPORTS Trial.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyAthletes with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts took 1.5 to 2.5 months longer to meet rehab milestones and up to 4 months longer to return to sport than those with hamstring autografts or allografts. They also had lower quadriceps strength after training, though outcomes equalized by one year.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled, autistic older adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAutistic older adults had significantly higher odds of nearly every physical and mental health condition compared to non-autistic peers. This included high risks for epilepsy, Parkinson’s, gastrointestinal issues, and suicidality. Clinicians should anticipate complex comorbidities in this population.
• PTCohort2020The Association of Pain Phenotype with Neuromuscular Impairments and Mobility Limitations Among Older Primary Care Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationAmong 430 older primary care patients with some walking or stair difficulty, more pain sites and higher pain intensity were linked to poorer trunk endurance, slower leg speed, limited ankle motion, and reduced mobility.
• PTProtocol2020Stratified exercise therapy compared with usual care by physical therapists in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial protocol (OCTOPuS study).Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapyNo results are reported yet. This protocol describes a planned trial of stratified exercise therapy for knee osteoarthritis, so it does not change current care.