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Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 24 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSystematic Review2021A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Prevalence, Costs, and Activity and Work Limitations of Amputation, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Back Pain, Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: A 2019 Update.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationBack pain affected 33.9% of US adults in the past 3 months, osteoarthritis affected 32.5 million adults, and older adults with stroke were 65 to 121 percent more likely to need help with daily activities.
• PTCohort2021Gait Measures at Admission to Inpatient Rehabilitation after Ischemic Stroke Predict 3-Month Quality of Life and Function.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationFaster 10-metre walking speed during inpatient stroke rehab was linked with less likely impaired lower-limb quality of life and better function at 3 months. The 6-minute walk showed a very small link, and neither test was linked with arm or thinking domains.
• PTCohort2020Is Referral to Home Health Rehabilitation After Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Associated With 90-Day Hospital Readmission for Adult Patients With Stroke?American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationStroke patients referred to home health after inpatient rehab were less likely to be readmitted to hospital within 90 days than those not referred. The study cannot show home health caused the lower readmission.
• PTOther2020Locomotor training intensity after stroke: Effects of interval type and mode.Topics in stroke rehabilitationShort-interval HIIT produced faster walking speeds, while long-interval HIIT produced more steps and higher heart rates overground. Treadmill training was faster and harder for short-interval work, but slower and no harder for long-interval work.
• PTOTSLPOther2020Factors associated with depressive symptoms of carepartners of stroke survivors after discharge from rehabilitation therapy.Topics in stroke rehabilitationStroke caregivers with more depressive symptoms provided less autonomy support to survivors during home exercises. Depression was also linked to higher fatigue, worse family functioning, and more survivor memory problems. These associations were found in a small group of mostly white, educated spouses.
• PTMeta-Analysis2020Physiotherapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Present Treatment Modalities.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPhysiotherapy for Parkinson's disease produced moderate improvements in motor symptoms, balance, and gait, but effects varied by modality and comparisons were indirect.
• PTOTCase Report2020Oxygen Consumption While Walking With Multijoint Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation After Stroke.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn one stroke survivor, implanted multi-joint electrical stimulation doubled walking speed. While total oxygen consumption increased, the energy cost per meter walked decreased. This suggests the faster walking was more efficient, though the effort required was higher.
• PTOTCohort2020Day-of-Injury Computed Tomography and Longitudinal Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Comparison of the Marshall and Rotterdam Computed Tomography Scoring Methods.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationMarshall and Rotterdam CT scores did not predict functional recovery at rehab discharge or later. They did predict rehab stay, but no single CT score clearly separated from the others.
• PTOTOther2021Reliability and Validity of a New Toileting Assessment Form for Patients with Hemiparetic Stroke.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationA new 24-item toileting form for stroke patients was scored consistently by therapists and matched existing FIM toileting ratings, but it was tested only on 30 simulated videos in one hospital.
• PTOTOther2021Reliability and Validity of a New Transfer Assessment Form for Stroke Patients.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationThe new Bed-wheelchair transfer Tasks Assessment Form breaks transferring into 25 subtasks, letting therapists pinpoint exactly where a patient needs help. It showed good reliability among raters and identified specific problem steps that standard global scores miss.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Relationship Satisfaction and Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Patients and Caregivers in Mexico and Colombia.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationHigher relationship satisfaction during hospitalization predicted lower depression two months later for both patients and caregivers. Caregiver depression at two months also predicted lower relationship satisfaction at four months. These links were strongest when patients reported high satisfaction.
• PTOther2020Sleep problems worsen health-related quality of life and participation during the first 12 months of stroke rehabilitation.Clinical rehabilitationStroke survivors who said a sleep problem moderately or quite a bit affected function reported worse mobility, daily activities, mood, memory, and participation during the first year. The study did not show sleep caused these problems.
• PTOTOther2020A Reaching Performance Scale for 2 Wolf Motor Function Test Items.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationThe modified scale shows only weak-to-moderate agreement between raters, so it is not yet reliable for clinical use. It did correlate with other stroke measures, suggesting it may help distinguish movement quality in the future.
• PTOTOther2020Digital Phenotyping to Quantify Psychosocial Well-Being Trajectories After Spinal Cord Injury.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationSmartphone surveys and GPS tracking were feasible in 43 wheelchair users with spinal cord injury, but newly injured adults dropped out more. Depression was linked to lower social participation; community mobility relationships varied by person.
• PTOther2020Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Emergency Department Visits Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons-National Patient Information Reporting System, 2005-2014.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationEmergency department visits for traumatic brain injury among American Indian and Alaska Native persons in Indian Health Service hospitals, tribally managed facilities, or contracted care increased from 2008 to 2014. Falls and assault were the leading causes.
• PTCohort2020Data Mining to Understand How Health Status Preceding Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Functional Outcome: A Population-Based Sex-Stratified Study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation10 pre-injury health condition groups were linked to lower relative functional gain in men after TBI; in women, one factor showed this link.
• PTOTSLPRCT2020Biopsychosocial intervention for stroke carers (BISC): results of a feasibility randomised controlled trial and nested qualitative interview study.Clinical rehabilitationA biopsychosocial intervention for stroke carers was feasible but not tested for efficacy. Carers valued peer support and flexibility, but struggled to attend group sessions due to competing demands. One-to-one delivery had better attendance.
• PTOTOther2020Health literacy, health outcomes, and the caregiver role in traumatic brain injury.Rehabilitation psychologyTwenty-one percent of TBI caregivers had low health literacy. These caregivers reported more burden, less satisfaction with the relationship, and poorer physical health, but no differences in mental health or caregiving ideology.
• PTRCT2021Forced and Voluntary Aerobic Cycling Interventions Improve Walking Capacity in Individuals With Chronic Stroke.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationEight weeks of forced or voluntary cycling improved walking distance by 63 meters and 31 meters respectively, while a control group declined by 23 meters. The forced cycling group exceeded the minimal clinically important difference, suggesting this aerobic approach can meaningfully improve walking capacity in chronic stroke.
• PTOTCohort2021Chronic Poststroke Deficits in Gross and Fine Motor Control of the Ipsilesional Upper Limb.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationPeople with chronic stroke showed reduced fine and gross motor dexterity in their ipsilesional (same-side) arm. Standard clinical tests like the Nine-Hole Peg Test and Box and Blocks Test can detect these deficits, which often go unnoticed when therapy focuses solely on the contralesional arm.
• PTOTSLPMeta-Analysis2021Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for treating post-stroke depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Topics in stroke rehabilitationNon-drug therapies slightly reduced post-stroke depression overall. Music therapy and psychosocial therapy showed small-to-medium benefits, while exercise and multifactorial interventions did not. These effects were small, so these therapies should complement, not replace, standard care.
• PTOther2021Social and physical environmental factors in daily stepping activity in those with chronic stroke.Topics in stroke rehabilitationIn chronic stroke, lower neighborhood deprivation and working were associated with more daily steps. Social factors also added information, but together these factors explained only 9.2% of differences in steps per day. Walk Score was not associated.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2020Transcranial direct current stimulation for improving ambulation after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationActive tDCS improved functional mobility and Timed Up and Go scores after stroke, but did not significantly improve walking speed or endurance compared to sham stimulation. The benefit was seen in general walking ability measures rather than specific gait velocity or distance.
• PTOther2020Repeated Concussions Impair Behavioral and Neurophysiological Changes in the Motor Learning System.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairConcussed athletes retained a newly learned pinch skill less well the next day than non-concussed athletes, whether tested within 2 weeks or more than 1 year after injury. Retention worsened with more prior concussions.
• PTRCT2020Toward a hybrid exoskeleton for crouch gait in children with cerebral palsy: neuromuscular electrical stimulation for improved knee extension.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn one child with cerebral palsy, electrical stimulation to two knee muscles during stance improved knee extension and range of motion in the more affected leg. This immediate change occurred while wearing an exoskeleton that was not actively assisting movement. It does not prove long-term benefit or that the stimulation alone caused the improvement.
• PTOTSLPCohortEvaluating the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships Predicting Suicidal Ideation Following Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationSuicidal thoughts after brain injury were linked to depression, substance misuse, and injury severity. Injury severity predicted these thoughts even when depression was absent. Screen all patients for suicidal thoughts, not just those with diagnosed depression.
• PTOTSurvey2021Rates, patterns, and correlates of fitness tracker use among older adults with multiple sclerosis.Disability and health journalAmong older adults with MS, 28% use fitness trackers. Users report slightly more physical activity than non-users, but this association exists only in those who already have higher income, employment, and less disability.
• PTOTCohort2021Regional Variations in Rehabilitation Outcomes of Adult Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation Investigation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationAdults with traumatic brain injury discharged after inpatient rehabilitation varied widely by U.S. region. After accounting for patient factors, some regions had higher discharge function scores, longer stays, or lower likelihood of going home.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Emerging health challenges for children with physical disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The ECHO French survey.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicineDuring lockdown, rehabilitation services were massively interrupted, leaving parents to deliver therapy at home. This caused a heavy mental load for families and led to negative effects on children's morale, behavior, and physical activity levels.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Brain Injury Functional Outcome Measure (BI-FOM): A Single Instrument Capturing the Range of Recovery in Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationA new 31-item measure tracks recovery from moderate to severe brain injury more accurately than standard scales. It captures patients who are nearly normal and those with profound impairment, avoiding the common problem where scores bunch up at the very top or bottom.
• PTCohort2021Relating Self-Reported Balance Problems to Sensory Organization and Dual-Tasking in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationAt least one year after TBI, a standing vestibular balance test did not explain reported balance problems. Walking while subtracting did: worse walking during the mental task was linked to greater reported balance handicap, after accounting for depression and gender.
• PTOTRCT2020The Efficiency, Efficacy, and Retention of Task Practice in Chronic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairMore practice hours improved perceived arm movement quality in chronic stroke, but extra hours gave smaller gains and larger doses faded faster. The authors suggest shorter, spread-out practice and encouraging daily arm use to retain gains.
• PTOTOther2020Classification of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor based on balance and gait characteristics from wearable motion sensors via machine learning techniques: a data-driven approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMachine learning models using wearable sensor data on balance and gait could distinguish Parkinson's disease from essential tremor, with neural networks performing best. However, accuracy was moderate and the dataset heavily favored Parkinson's cases, limiting immediate clinical application.
• PTOTCohort2020Rudimentary Dexterity Corresponds With Reduced Ability to Move in Synergy After Stroke: Evidence of Competition Between Corticoreticulospinal and Corticospinal Tracts?Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn people with moderate arm impairment after stroke, the ability to move the arm out of synergy and the ability to move within synergy trade off against each other. This suggests a competition between brain pathways, where recovering fine control may temporarily reduce gross synergy movement.
• PTOTOther2021Cognitive-Motor Interference Heightens the Prefrontal Cortical Activation and Deteriorates the Task Performance in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationChildren with hemiplegic cerebral palsy showed more prefrontal activation and poorer shape matching when doing the task on a therapy ball than while sitting. The dual task also slowed their reaction time.
• PTOTRCT2021Evaluation of the enhanced upper limb therapy programme within the Robot-Assisted Training for the Upper Limb after Stroke trial: descriptive analysis of intervention fidelity, goal selection and goal achievement.Clinical rehabilitationStroke survivors chose eating, dressing and range-of-motion goals most often. Overall, only 51% of goals were achieved. Those under three months post-stroke achieved 73-88%, but those with severe arm limitation over a year post-stroke achieved just 27%, especially for self-care tasks.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Ecological Momentary Assessment of Social Interactions: Associations With Depression, Anxiety, Pain, and Fatigue in Individuals With Mild Stroke.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationIn 48 people with mild stroke, higher momentary fatigue and depressed mood were linked to lower social confidence and satisfaction. Better social interactions predicted lower fatigue and mood symptoms hours later, while social success unexpectedly predicted increased pain at the next check-in.
• PTOTCase Series2020Acceptability of a Mobile Phone-Based Augmented Reality Game for Rehabilitation of Patients With Upper Limb Deficits from Stroke: Case Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesFive stroke patients rated a smartphone augmented reality game as acceptable, finding it comfortable and motivating despite difficulty with the hand controllers. This small study confirms users would try it again but does not prove it improves physical recovery.
• PTOTCohort2020Conditioned Pain Modulation Decreases Over Time in Patients With Neuropathic Pain Following a Spinal Cord Injury.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairDescending pain inhibition decreased over rehabilitation in patients with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury, but remained stable in those with only musculoskeletal pain. Early pain levels did not predict later pain, suggesting impaired inhibition is a consequence of neuropathic pain rather than its cause.
• PTOTRCT2020Virtual reality-based treatment for regaining upper extremity function induces cortex grey matter changes in persons with acquired brain injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVirtual reality arm exercises showed promise for improving strength and movement in chronic brain injury patients, with associated brain volume changes. However, the study was small and non-randomized, so these benefits are not yet proven compared to standard therapy.
• PTOTQualitative2020Users with spinal cord injury experience of robotic Locomotor exoskeletons: a qualitative study of the benefits, limitations, and recommendations.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with spinal cord injury valued exoskeletons for therapy and the psychological boost of standing at eye level. However, they found the devices too costly, bulky, and dependent on a companion for independent home or community use. They prioritized lighter, faster designs with fall protection.
• PTQualitative2020Exoskeleton use in post-stroke gait rehabilitation: a qualitative study of the perspectives of persons post-stroke and physiotherapists.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationBoth stroke survivors and physiotherapists rejected the exoskeleton's pre-programmed gait, wanting a device that assists their own movement rather than walking for them. Fitting took 30-40 minutes and required two people to support each patient, raising concerns about therapy time and safety.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Positive Beliefs and the Likelihood of Successful Community Discharge From Skilled Nursing Facilities.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPatients who believed they could become more independent were 6.0% more likely to return home successfully than those who did not. Staff optimism only helped if the patient also believed. If patients were pessimistic, staff optimism was linked to lower discharge success.
• PTPilot2021Verbal feedback enhances motor learning during post-stroke gait retraining.Topics in stroke rehabilitationAdding a therapist's tailored verbal feedback to fast treadmill walking with electrical stimulation improved the affected leg's angle at toe-off 24 hours later in 9 stroke survivors. Variable practice did not show clear learning gains.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Association Between 2010 Medicare Reforms and Utilization of Postacute Inpatient Rehabilitation in Ischemic Stroke.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationDischarges to inpatient rehabilitation facilities dropped 1.1% after 2010 Medicare reforms, while skilled nursing facility discharges remained unchanged. The adjusted odds of IRF admission fell 12% compared to home discharge. This suggests fewer stroke patients received intensive therapy despite the policy aiming to target complex needs.
• PTOTRCT2021Can the early use of botulinum toxin in post stroke spasticity reduce contracture development? A randomised controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitationEarly botulinum toxin injections reduced spasticity and slowed elbow contracture formation in stroke patients. All participants also received electrical stimulation. While the treatment did not improve arm function scores, it significantly reduced the need for splints at three and six months post-stroke.
• PTOther2021Reliability and Validity of Pupillary Response During Dual-Task Balance in Parkinson Disease.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPupil-based cognitive workload scores did not match total self-reported workload, even though they stayed consistent when repeated within two hours in Parkinson disease and healthy adults. Only mental demand tracked during eyes-closed dual-task balance.
• PTRCT2020A comparison of the effects and usability of two exoskeletal robots with and without robotic actuation for upper extremity rehabilitation among patients with stroke: a single-blinded randomised controlled pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationActive robot assistance added to conventional therapy did not improve upper limb task performance more than a passive robot added to conventional therapy over four weeks in a small pilot. Both groups improved, and the passive group reported better participation.
• PTOTRCT2020Gains Across WHO Dimensions of Function After Robot-Based Therapy in Stroke Subjects.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairRobot-assisted therapy improved arm movement and daily task performance in 40 stroke survivors, but did not change their perceived quality of life or participation. Gains in physical function correlated with activity scores, but neither predicted improvements in participation.
• PTOTRCT2020Kinematic parameters obtained with the ArmeoSpring for upper-limb assessment after stroke: a reliability and learning effect study for guiding parameter use.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeak velocity and game score are reliable and stable for assessing upper-limb impairment. Time-based measures improve with practice, so the first session and early trials must be excluded to avoid mistaking learning for recovery.