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Cardiopulmonary research

Everything we have read on cardiopulmonary. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,018 PAPERS · PAGE 16 OF 21 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTPilot2024Effect of active recovery using individual maximum exercise capacity: a pilot study.Journal of physical therapy scienceJogging at 40% of an athlete's individual max speed for four minutes helped jump performance recover faster than sitting still. The recovery rate was 94.7% in the jogging group versus 72.9% in the control group.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Effects of running with surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function in healthy male university students.Journal of physical therapy scienceHealthy young men ran to exhaustion on a treadmill wearing surgical masks. They stopped sooner than without masks, despite breathing and heart rates dropping. Their maximum oxygen use did not change, suggesting the mask limited how long they could run rather than their total aerobic capacity.
• PTOTCohort2024Functional capacity using sit-to-stand tests in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with disease severity-a cross-sectional study with matched controls.Brazilian journal of physical therapySit-to-stand tests reveal functional capacity impairment in 23% to 33% of people with COPD, even when lung function looks mild. The 1-minute test catches more problems than the 5-repetition test and should be preferred for assessing endurance and symptomatic burden in stable patients.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Linking the impact of aspiration to host variables using the BOLUS framework: support from a rapid review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesPoor oral health and the presence of feeding or tracheostomy tubes strongly increase the risk of pulmonary complications in patients with aspiration. However, there is insufficient evidence to link aspiration of thick liquids to pneumonia or to predict mortality, so decisions on diet texture and NPO status remain complex.
• PTRCT2024Effect of expiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle fatigue in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of physical therapy scienceExpiratory muscle training in healthy young men raised breath-out pressure and reduced pressure drops during a breathing load. It did not test people with COPD or respiratory illness.
• PTOTOther2024Perturbation-based estimation of within-stride cycle metabolic cost.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new method estimates where energy is spent during each part of a walking step. In healthy adults, single stance used 49% of the step's energy, swing 21%, push-off 10%, and double stance 20%. This helps target interventions like exoskeletons.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Risk factors and hearing outcomes in infants and young children in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsRecurrent ear infections and HIV were the most common risks in this South African cohort, appearing in 43% and 16% of files. The standard US screening list missed these local drivers, meaning risk checks must be adapted to the region to catch preventable hearing loss.
• PTOther2024Validity of the Ekblom-Bak Cycle Ergometer Test in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe Ekblom-Bak cycle test overestimated peak oxygen uptake by 4.3 mL/kg/min in patients with cardiovascular disease, making it inaccurate for assessing fitness. It was less accurate in those taking beta-blockers. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing remains the standard.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Changes in COPD-related anxiety symptoms during pulmonary rehabilitation: a prospective quantitative and qualitative study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesCOPD-related anxiety dropped significantly after 9 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation. However, this drop did not correlate with improvements in walking distance or quality of life. Patients described developing four coping strategies: planning, problem-solving, confronting, and accepting.
• PTRCT2024Inspiratory muscle training in children with neuromuscular disorders.The South African journal of physiotherapyRespiratory infections and hospital stays did not differ between training and no-training periods, and no serious problems were linked to training. Strength and cough ability improved during training compared with no training, but lung volume and flow measures did not change.
• PTSurvey2024Protracted exercise tolerance post-coronavirus disease 2019 in endurance athletes: A survey.The South African journal of physiotherapy97 of 308 endurance athletes had not returned to pre-illness sport after COVID-19. They reported more exertional fatigue, breathlessness, chest pain, and worse physical fatigue. Higher physical fatigue was linked to lower chance of return.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Did the speech of patients with Myasthenia Gravis decline over 4 years?CoDASSpeech worsened over four years in stable Myasthenia Gravis patients, with more diagnosed with dysarthria. However, patients felt their speech improved. Self-perception is unreliable for monitoring decline, so objective speech assessments are necessary.
• PTOTCohort2024Predictors of increasing disability in activities of daily living among people with advanced respiratory disease: a multi-site prospective cohort study, England UK.Disability and rehabilitationMobility limitation predicts worsening ability to manage daily tasks like shopping and cooking in people with advanced respiratory disease. However, it does not predict decline in basic self-care tasks. Screen for mobility issues to identify patients who may need preventative rehabilitation.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Attitudes of cardiac rehabilitation and stroke teams towards integration of stroke survivors into adapted cardiac rehabilitation: A focus group study.Clinical rehabilitationCardiac rehab staff reported positive experiences integrating stroke survivors but lacked confidence managing stroke-specific issues like tone and fatigue. Stroke teams doubted cardiac staff's ability to provide safe support. Both groups agreed a specialist stroke physiotherapist must be present in classes.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024The relationship between patient-specific factors and functional progression of COVID-19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationPatients recovering from severe COVID-19 in inpatient rehab made significant gains in mobility, self-care, and cognition. Older age predicted smaller gains in mobility and self-care, while those with more severe acute illness or lower starting function showed greater improvement.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Life expectancy and long-term survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicinePeople with traumatic spinal cord injury live significantly shorter lives than the general population. Survival depends heavily on injury level and severity, with tetraplegia and high-level lesions carrying the greatest mortality risk.
• PTRCT2024Impact of eccentric cycling in coronary rehabilitation program: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial versus conventional rehabilitation.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineAdding eccentric cycling to standard cardiac rehabilitation did not improve functional capacity more than concentric cycling. Both groups improved similarly in walking distance and strength. The eccentric group reported lower perceived effort and pain, but this did not translate to better clinical outcomes.
• PTOTOther2025Falls in people with mobility limitations: a cross-sectional analysis of a US registry of assistive device users.Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technologyHalf of adults seeking mobility devices reported a fall in the past three months. Those with progressive conditions like Parkinson's or osteoarthritis fell most often, while many still used only canes or no device.
• PTCohort2024Function and activity capacity at 1 year after the admission to intensive care unit for COVID-19.Clinical rehabilitationAt 1 year after ICU admission for COVID-19, 78 participants were assessed: 24.4% had impaired right grip, 29.5% had slow walking, 21.8% had limited mobility, and 5.1% had impaired balance.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Socioeconomic factors in inflicted traumatic brain injury: Examining the area deprivation index.Rehabilitation psychologyIn children with inflicted brain injury, a neighborhood deprivation index did not predict death, intensive care stay, or follow-up visits. Hispanic/Latino children lived in more deprived neighborhoods. Older children were more likely to die, stay longer in intensive care, and have fewer visits.
• PTOTSystematic Review2024Effectiveness of telerehabilitation versus face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation on physical function and quality of life in people with post COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineFace-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation improved physical function and quality of life more than telerehabilitation or usual care. Telerehabilitation also helped compared to usual care, but the evidence for it was less certain. Choose the delivery method that best suits the patient's access and preferences.
• PTOTRCT2024Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea; a randomized controlled trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAdding 20 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to positive airway pressure therapy improved walking distance, daily living activities, and sleep-related oxygen levels in patients with both COPD and sleep apnea, compared to airway pressure therapy alone.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Long-term life expectancy in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineSurvivors of severe traumatic brain injury face significantly reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. The risk of death remains elevated for years, particularly for those with limited mobility or self-care abilities, though independent walking improves survival prospects.
• PTOTCase Report2024A confounding pediatric spinal cord injury: Anterior, central, or both?Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineA two-year-old with a cervical spinal cord injury recovered distal arm function before proximal strength. This atypical pattern, combined with conflicting imaging and clinical signs, makes standard adult prognostic models unreliable for predicting long-term recovery in young children.
• PTOTOther2024Evidence based clinical practice guideline for follow-up care in persons with spinal cord injury.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesA new guideline recommends spinal cord injury follow-up care at 3, 6, and 12 months post-rehab, then annually. It urges checking for secondary conditions like pain, bladder issues, and mobility changes, though the evidence behind these schedules is currently low.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Unveiling the burden of COPD: perspectives on a patient-reported outcome measure to support communication in outpatient consultations-an interview study among patients.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesNine COPD patients described how a pre-visit questionnaire helped them identify and disclose hidden psychosocial struggles like loneliness and depression. They valued clinicians asking direct follow-up questions based on these answers, which made conversations feel deeper and more personal.
• PTCohort2024Impact of reduced group size on patient adherence and functional outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation: insights from a COVID-19 pandemic natural experiment.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesSwitching to one-on-one cardiac rehabilitation sessions raised completion rates from 21% to 75%. Functional outcomes for those who completed were unchanged. The shift to individual care may solve adherence problems, but workforce costs remain a barrier.
• PTCohort2024Long-term self-reported attendance in exercise training or lung choir and status of quality of life following initial pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesAbout four years after pulmonary rehabilitation, people who had not completed it were less likely to report attending exercise or lung choir. Those who did attend reported better quality of life and fewer anxiety and depression symptoms. This was observational, not proof attending improves outcomes.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Improved functional oral intake and exercise training attenuate decline in aerobic capacity following chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAerobic capacity and grip strength dropped significantly after chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients, with no recovery at 6-8 weeks. Patients who chose supervised exercise training had less decline. Improved swallowing function was strongly linked to better preserved aerobic capacity.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025Exploring maintenance rehabilitation in adults with chronic conditions: a scoping review of the literature.Disability and rehabilitationMost maintenance therapy programs for chronic conditions focus on physical activity, with 87% of studies using movement-based interventions. Only 3% targeted cognition and 4% involved speech-language pathology. Programs are typically in-person, individual, and 60 minutes long, with 89% reporting positive results.
• PTCohort2024The effect of patients' socioeconomic status in rehabilitation centers on the efficiency and performance.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineFor-profit French rehabilitation centers showed better physical dependence and discharge outcomes than public centers. Patient clinical factors, staffing and socioeconomic status explained much of the gap, though some advantage remained.
• PTCohort2024Use of primary health care services among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren with cerebral palsy used general practitioner and urgent care services more often than children without cerebral palsy. The higher use was seen even when motor impairment was mild. Many visits were coded as general or unspecified conditions, so reasons for contact were unclear.
• PTOTSLPRCT2024Therapeutic singing and expiratory muscle strength training in Parkinson's disease: a mixed methods comparison.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesExpiratory muscle strength training and therapeutic singing produced no significant differences in quality of life, depression, or anxiety in people with Parkinson's disease. Both interventions were highly adhered to, but quality of life scores worsened over time regardless of treatment.
• PTPilot2024Enhancing cardiovascular patients' knowledge of air pollution: a pilot study evaluating the impact of an educational intervention in cardiac rehabilitation.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesIn 43 cardiac rehabilitation patients, self-reported knowledge about air quality, pollutants, and protective steps was higher after a 1-hour lecture with PowerPoint and a leaflet. It did not test behavior or cardiovascular events.
• PTOTSLPRCT2025Exercise rehabilitation in post COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial of different training modalities.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineBoth endurance and concurrent exercise improved peak oxygen consumption in post-COVID patients with mild symptoms. However, symptom count, fatigue, and quality of life also improved in the non-exercising control group, so the specific benefit of exercise over time is unclear for these outcomes.
• PTSLPCase Series2025Long-term outcomes in children with riboflavin transporter deficiency and surveillance recommendations.Developmental medicine and child neurologyEarly high-dose riboflavin treatment, sometimes with flavin mononucleotide, coenzyme Q, L-Carnitine, or fish oil, was followed by less disability than late treatment, but decline could continue. When hearing and vision improved, gains lasted only the first 12 months.
• PTRCT2025Fully remote versus hybrid supervision of pulmonary telerehabilitation in COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineFully remote and hybrid supervision produced similar walk distance after pulmonary telerehabilitation. Both groups improved, and gains remained at follow-up.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2024Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly postcardiac surgery patients: progress in rehabilitation application research.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesThis review outlines how to assess and manage cognitive decline after cardiac surgery. It highlights that while cognitive training and exercise show some promise, evidence for long-term benefits in post-cardiac surgery patients is still emerging and often mixed.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Attendance rate and perceived relevance related to type, content, and delivery of current rehabilitation programmes after surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesPatients attending lung cancer rehab more often reported benefits, but attendance was linked to the programme's features, not its proven efficacy. Disease-specific offers led by physiotherapists with exercise and progress testing had the highest uptake. This describes what patients valued, not what works.
• PTCohort2025Increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy in children born very preterm in Denmark.Developmental medicine and child neurologyCP prevalence among Danish children born very preterm increased by 3.5% annually from 2003 to 47.8 per 1000 live births in 2013, while neonatal mortality fell. This is a population trend, not evidence that therapy changes CP risk.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Factors associated with aspects of functioning one year after hospitalization due to COVID-19.Clinical rehabilitationFatigue three months after hospitalization for COVID-19 predicted lower walking capacity a year later, alongside older age and female sex. Interestingly, how severe the initial infection was did not predict long-term function, meaning patients with mild cases may still face significant recovery challenges.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025An exploratory qualitative assessment of patient and clinician perspectives on patient-reported outcome measures and disease-modifying therapies in adults with spinal muscular atrophy.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAdults with spinal muscular atrophy found standard outcome measures discouraging and insensitive to meaningful change. Walkers preferred broad questionnaires, while non-sitters found them depressing and preferred disease-specific scales. Clinicians should select measures based on functional status to avoid psychological harm.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Neonatal therapy principles during transition from neonatal intensive care unit to home: A modified Delphi study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyExperts agreed that four intervention principles are essential for NICU-to-home transitions: building caregiver-child relationships, optimizing development, sharing education, and enriching environments. They stated these must be delivered together, not in isolation. This reflects expert opinion, not tested efficacy.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Major structural congenital anomalies and causal pathways in people with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMajor congenital anomalies are present in nearly a quarter of people with cerebral palsy, and most of these anomalies are directly involved in causing the condition. This suggests clinicians should actively look for structural anomalies when assessing aetiology.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2025Parental diagnostic delay and developmental outcomes in congenital and childhood-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1.Developmental medicine and child neurologyHalf of parents in this series did not know they had myotonic dystrophy type 1 until their child was diagnosed. Children with the congenital form faced severe early breathing and feeding issues, while both groups showed high rates of delayed speech and low cognitive scores.
• PTOther2024Association of Step Count with Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Results from the Virtual 2-Minute Step Test.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationStep count during a 2-minute test explained 61.8% of the variance in cardiorespiratory fitness in older men with HIV. The test works well over video, but only for men 60 and older. Do not use it to estimate fitness in women or younger men.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Relation between Orotracheal Intubation, Inflammatory Markers, Breathing and Voice in Post-COVID-19.Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice FoundationPost-COVID patients who needed intubation had longer hospital stays and higher D-dimer levels, but voice and breathing measures did not differ significantly from those who did not need intubation. Across the group, worse voice performance was linked to higher vocal fatigue.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025Factors influencing participation and engagement in post-stroke cardiac rehabilitation and exercise: an exploratory qualitative study.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationStroke survivors and staff identified barriers like transport costs, fatigue, and lack of stroke-specific training. Enablers included social connection, adapted exercises, and supportive staff. Home-based classes were unpopular due to lost camaraderie. Prioritising accessible venues and staff upskilling may improve engagement.
• PTOTOther2024Validation of a tri-axial accelerometer for measuring physical activity in patients with subacute stroke.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesThe Active Style Pro accelerometer accurately estimated energy expenditure during walking and reaching in patients with subacute stroke who could walk independently. Scores were similar regardless of whether the device was worn on the affected or unaffected side.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025The impact of mobilization training time during the first postoperative week on the length of hospital stay in postoperative patients admitted to an intensive care unit.Journal of rehabilitation medicineMore mobilization training in the first week after surgery linked to shorter hospital stays. Each extra hour of sitting, standing, or walking during therapy associated with 4.02 fewer days in hospital. Total therapy time did not predict stay length once patient severity was adjusted.