TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,792 PAPERS · PAGE 40 OF 56 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024What factors at discharge predict physical activity and walking outcomes 6 months after stroke? A systematic review.Clinical rehabilitationPhysical capability at discharge predicts walking and activity outcomes up to six months after stroke, but explains only part of the result. Cognitive function and pre-stroke activity levels also contribute significantly. Clinicians should assess these factors to tailor discharge planning and anticipate needs for ongoing care.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2024Relationships between physical activities performed under free-living conditions and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rehabilitationIn people with Parkinson's, more everyday physical activity was associated with better cognition and fewer anxiety, depression or apathy symptoms, but not with sleep, fatigue or pain. These are associations, not proof that activity improves symptoms.
• PTOTCohort2024Learning-to-learn as a metacognitive correlate of functional outcomes after stroke: a cohort study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineStroke survivors who improved their motor learning speed during a brief computerized task achieved greater gains in daily independence. This link was strongest in younger participants. The association weakened with age, suggesting learning capacity may decline as a predictor of recovery in older adults.
• PTOTCohort2024Accuracy of Physiotherapist Predictions for Independent Walking After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPhysiotherapists accurately predicted if stroke patients would walk independently by 26 weeks but were poor at predicting when. The TWIST tool was more accurate than clinicians for early recovery timeframes. Experience and confidence did not improve prediction accuracy.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Considerations for developing complex post-stroke upper limb behavioural interventions: An international qualitative study.Clinical rehabilitationExperts and stroke survivors agreed that upper limb recovery needs complex, personalised interventions where engagement, content, dose, and the therapist's skill interact. They warned against treating any single element in isolation, emphasizing that real-world participation matters as much as impairment scores.
• PTOTCohort2025Predictive utility of self-efficacy in early stroke rehabilitation.Topics in stroke rehabilitationIn 30 stroke patients, higher self-efficacy on admission predicted greater functional independence gains during inpatient rehab. This link held for the whole group but disappeared once age and stroke timing were considered. It only predicted recovery in those with moderate to severe arm weakness.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025A Directed Content Analysis for Greatest Problems Among People With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPeople with TBI identified financial management and relationship adjustments as their greatest recent problems. Unlike other groups, their top concerns were emotional and cognitive abilities rather than just participation barriers. This suggests care should prioritize addressing mood, family dynamics, and daily functioning challenges alongside physical rehabilitation.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2025Depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress in women with and without brain injuries due to intimate partner violence: Psychometric evaluation of measurement approaches and group comparisons.Rehabilitation psychologyCommon mental health screens work well for women with brain injuries from partner violence. Differences in depression and PTSD symptoms between those with and without injuries disappeared when accounting for the severity of the violence itself.
• PTOTSLPRCT2024High-Frequency rTMS Broadly Ameliorates Working Memory and Cognitive Symptoms in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairStroke patients receiving high-frequency rTMS over the left prefrontal cortex for two weeks showed significantly better working memory scores than those receiving sham stimulation. These improvements in memory, attention, and daily living tasks persisted for four weeks after treatment ended.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Brain-Hand Function Relationships Based on Level of Grasp Function in Chronic Left-Hemisphere Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairHand function relates to different brain networks depending on severity. In severe grasp impairment, contralesional connectivity matters most. In moderate impairment, corticospinal tract integrity predicts function. In mild impairment, neither motor connectivity nor tract integrity correlated with hand function.
• PTOTSurvey2025Predicting adherence to ankle-foot orthoses in people with stroke: An application of the Theory of Planned Behavior.Prosthetics and orthotics internationalStroke survivors who felt confident using their ankle-foot orthosis and held positive attitudes were significantly more likely to wear it as recommended. Social pressure from others did not predict adherence. Clinicians should focus on building patient confidence and ensuring a positive initial fitting experience.
• PTOTQualitative2024Assessment of mood after severe acquired brain injury: Interviews with UK clinical psychologists and medical professionals.Clinical rehabilitationClinical psychologists and medical professionals assessing mood after severe brain injury described no agreed method. They adjusted standardised measures, relied on simple conversation, team and family observations over time, and formulation, and warned that injury symptoms can look like depression.
• OTCohort2024Early predictors of long-term participation in patients with severe acquired traumatic injury discharged from Intensive Rehabilitation Unit.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineIn 60 severe TBI survivors, median long-term community integration was 11 of 28, with productive activity lowest; younger age was the only early factor associated with higher scores.
• PTOTSLPPilot2024A new modular neuroprosthesis suitable for hybrid FES-robot applications and tailored assistance.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new modular FES system worked in four people with stroke or spinal cord injury, but kinematic changes varied. Removing gastrocnemius stimulation improved dorsiflexion in one case. This is a device test, not proof of clinical benefit.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024The Minimal assessment Protocol for Cerebral Stroke 2020 (PMIC2020): a multicenter feasibility study in post-stroke inpatient rehabilitation.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineThe updated stroke assessment protocol took about 27 minutes at admission and 18 minutes at discharge. It was feasible in eight rehabilitation centers, with less than 10% dropouts. Severe disability predicted longer administration times, but most clinicians rated the tool as good or very good.
• PTOTRCT2025A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in adults after stroke or traumatic brain injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationIn adults with upper limb spasticity after stroke or TBI, at Week 6 the highest DAXI dose lowered muscle tone more than placebo, but physician-rated overall improvement did not.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Long-term life expectancy in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineSurvivors of severe traumatic brain injury face significantly reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. The risk of death remains elevated for years, particularly for those with limited mobility or self-care abilities, though independent walking improves survival prospects.
• PTOTRCT2024Efficacy of a new video observational training method (intensive visual simulation) for motor recovery in the upper limb in subacute stroke: a feasibility and proof-of-concept study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineEarly intensive video feedback training did not significantly improve upper limb function compared to control at 6 weeks, but showed greater recovery at 3 and 4 months. Both groups improved similarly by 6 months, with no significant difference remaining.
• PTOTRCT2024Effects of high-definition tDCS targeting individual motor hotspot with EMG-driven robotic hand training on upper extremity motor function: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn this small pilot trial, adding personalized brain stimulation before robotic hand training led to greater improvements in arm motor function and reduced finger stiffness compared to robotic training alone. These benefits were still present six months later. The study was too small to confirm this works for everyone.
• PTOTCase Report2024A confounding pediatric spinal cord injury: Anterior, central, or both?Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineA two-year-old with a cervical spinal cord injury recovered distal arm function before proximal strength. This atypical pattern, combined with conflicting imaging and clinical signs, makes standard adult prognostic models unreliable for predicting long-term recovery in young children.
• PTOTOther2024Evidence based clinical practice guideline for follow-up care in persons with spinal cord injury.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesA new guideline recommends spinal cord injury follow-up care at 3, 6, and 12 months post-rehab, then annually. It urges checking for secondary conditions like pain, bladder issues, and mobility changes, though the evidence behind these schedules is currently low.
• PTOTSLPRCT2024The inertial-based gait normalcy index of dual task cost during turning quantifies gait automaticity improvement in early-stage Parkinson's rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new turning-based dual-task index detected gait automaticity changes after 12 weeks of action observation training in early Parkinson's, while standard walking speed and dual-task cost measures showed no group difference. Balance and quality of life also improved more with training.
• OTCohort2024Neighborhood Deprivation and Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Adults.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationOlder adults hospitalized for traumatic brain injury who lived in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods spent fewer days at home over the next year than those in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods, even after adjustment.
• PTOTRCT2024Enhancing upper extremity muscle strength in individuals with spinal cord injury using low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn ten people with spinal cord injury, low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise increased forearm strength by 7.5 kg over 8 weeks, compared to 4.4 kg with standard high-load training without blood flow restriction. Both groups improved, but the blood flow restriction side gained more.
• PTOTCase-Control2025Delayed Cortical Responses During Reactive Balance After Stroke Associated With Slower Kinetics and Clinical Balance Dysfunction.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairStroke survivors showed delayed brain responses to balance loss, linked to poorer clinical balance. When forced to rely on the paretic leg, these delays correlated with slower corrective body movements. Loading the nonparetic leg masked these deficits, allowing normal-speed reactions.
• PTOTRCT2025IpsiHand Brain-Computer Interface Therapy Induces Broad Upper Extremity Motor Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChronic stroke patients using a brain-computer interface hand device for 12 weeks improved upper limb movement by 8.1 points on the Fugl-Meyer scale. Gains occurred in both the shoulder and hand, exceeding the threshold for clinical benefit, with no adverse events reported.
• PTOTOther2024Gamified Practice Improves Paretic Arm Motor Behavior in Individuals With Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairTen days of gamified arm training improved movement speed and clinical scores in chronic stroke patients. The benefit held across ages and impairment levels, though the average score change was small. No control group means these gains could reflect natural recovery or practice effects.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Cognitive Performance is Associated With 1-Year Participation and Life Satisfaction Outcomes: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationPeople with brain injuries who improved their memory over the first year reported higher life satisfaction. Those who improved executive function participated more in social and community activities, but neither cognitive gain predicted returning to work or school.
• PTOTQualitative2024Exploring stroke survivors' and physiotherapists' perspectives of the potential for markerless motion capture technology in community rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke survivors and physiotherapists see potential in markerless motion capture for home rehab but warn it suits only 10-20% of caseloads. Barriers include cost, digital access, and safety risks. It supplements rather than replaces therapist contact, especially for those with cognitive or perceptual impairments.
• PTOTPilot2024Enhancing stroke rehabilitation with whole-hand haptic rendering: development and clinical usability evaluation of a novel upper-limb rehabilitation device.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTherapists and stroke patients rated a new whole-hand haptic robot as easy to use and motivating. The main practical issue was that patients' fingers slipped out of the device fixation, which requires a design fix before this can be used reliably in daily therapy.
• OTQualitative2024Clinician and patient experiences with shared decision-making to promote daily arm use for individuals with chronic stroke: an exploratory qualitative study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesExperienced therapists found shared decision-making harder than traditional instruction, often reverting to telling patients what to do. Patients valued the autonomy but some struggled without prior education. Success relied on building trust, though clinicians feared the time cost and billing challenges.
• PTOTQualitative2024Translation, extension, and evaluation of usability, usefulness, and safety of a fall prevention and management program for people living with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis who use wheelchairs or scooters full time.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesParticipants reported no technical barriers to the online program and valued peer interaction. They described increased awareness of fall risks and modified tasks, but did not report improved participation in daily activities.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Unveiling the mosaic: comparing demographics and outcomes in traumatic vs. non-traumatic spinal cord injuries.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineTraumatic spinal cord injury patients start rehabilitation with much lower function than non-traumatic patients but end up with similar independence. The injury cause matters less than the patient's age, lesion level, and severity when predicting how well they will recover.
• PTOTCase Report2024Is There Room for Improvement? Stroke Rehabilitation Environments May Not Reflect Home Environments in Terms of Chair, Toilet, and Bed Heights.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationHome chairs and toilets are lower than hospital equipment, while bed heights are similar. Therapists should match chair and bed heights to the patient's actual home environment rather than relying on standard hospital settings for discharge planning.
• PTOTSLPRCT2024Cerebellar tDCS combined with augmented reality treadmill for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationCerebellar tDCS added to augmented reality treadmill training did not improve clinical scores like freezing or balance compared to treadmill training alone. The brain stimulation only changed one lab measure of standing balance on the right leg, which did not translate to better walking or daily function.
• PTOTCase Report2024Exceptional improvement in chronic stroke through Guided Self-rehabilitation Contract: a case report study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesA chronic stroke patient who received guided self-rehabilitation, botulinum toxin, functional electrical stimulation, workshops, and family support regained full spontaneous upper limb use. Because several components were combined, the contribution of guided self-rehabilitation alone cannot be separated.
• PTOTOther2024Chronic stroke survivors underestimate their upper limb motor ability in a simple 2D motor task.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn a simple reaching task, chronic stroke survivors were less confident about hitting targets with the more affected arm even when both arms reached targets equally often. Low confidence in that arm may not match what they can do.
• PTOTPilot2024Virtual Assessment of Functional Mobility in Lower Extremity Prosthesis Clients: An Exploratory Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationTwelve lower-limb prosthesis users completed a virtual mobility test at home. Their self-reported function scores matched the timed Up and Go results. A faster Up and Go time predicted a higher self-rated ability to handle daily activities.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2024Impact of the combination of virtual reality and noninvasive brain stimulation on the upper limb motor function of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationCombining virtual reality with brain stimulation improved arm movement scores more than standard care, but did not significantly improve daily living activities or muscle tone. Benefits were strongest in patients treated within a year of stroke onset, suggesting this combo helps motor recovery rather than overall independence.
• PTOTCohort2025Home, but Homebound After Traumatic Brain Injury: Risk Factors and Associations With Nursing Home Entry and Death.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationOne year after moderate-severe TBI, 14.2% of people living in the community were homebound. Being homebound was linked to higher five-year death risk; the nursing home link weakened after accounting for health and function.
• OTSLPPilot2024Applying a Motivational Instructional Design Model to Stroke Rehabilitation: A Feasibility Study on Occupational and Swallowing Therapies.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationStroke patients receiving a structured motivation-support process during OT or swallowing therapy plus usual physical and occupational therapy had no dropouts or adverse events. 84% were satisfied and 76% intended to continue. Outcome changes cannot be separated from usual therapy.
• PTOTPilot2024Inertial measurement units to evaluate the efficacity of Equino Varus Foot surgery in post stroke hemiparetic patients: a feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 20 patients, most reported better walking after surgery, but the sensor-based gait scores did not change significantly. The sensors worked reliably, yet they did not prove the surgery improved gait.
• PTOTOther2024A reliable and valid assessment of upper limb movement quality after stroke: the observational Drinking Task Assessment.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe Drinking Task Assessment reliably scores upper limb movement quality after stroke in 5 to 10 minutes. It correlates strongly with standard tests like the ARAT and Fugl-Meyer. A change of 1 point in the total score or 1 second in movement time reflects real improvement, not just measurement error.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2024Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation alone or in combination with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in poststroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationRepetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation improved upper limb movement and daily activities in stroke patients compared to sham or no stimulation. Adding transcranial magnetic stimulation did not provide extra benefit over transcranial magnetic stimulation alone. Higher stimulation doses were linked to better activity outcomes.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Risk-taking behaviour and executive functions, a major component of the risk of fall factors after recent stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePost-stroke patients with anosognosia, impulsivity, inattention, or perseveration had significantly higher odds of falling in rehab, even after adjusting for physical severity. Language disorders were not associated with falls. These cognitive signs should guide decisions on supervised walking.
• PTOTOther2024Screening cutoff values to identify the risk of falls after stroke: A scoping review.Journal of rehabilitation medicineFor people with chronic stroke living at home, a Berg Balance Scale score between 46.5 and 50.5 points best identifies fall risk. Other common tests like the Timed Up and Go and Falls Efficacy Scale have lower accuracy, so do not rely on them alone.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024The effects of rehabilitation potential on activities of daily living in patients with stroke in Taiwan: a prospective longitudinal study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineDaily living improved most before discharge, then flattened. Better swallowing, lower-limb strength and motivation, plus no incontinence or moderate cognitive impairment, were linked with higher daily living scores.
• PTOTOther2024Home-based guidance training system with interactive visual feedback using kinect on stroke survivors with moderate to severe motor impairment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAfter 800 min of therapist-guided home Kinect training, 12 moderate-to-severe stroke survivors improved Fugl-Meyer scores and joint range of motion, but Berg Balance Scale did not improve.
• PTOTCohort2024Brain-movement relationship during upper-limb functional movements in chronic post-stroke patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke patients rely on trunk movement and show slower arm speed when reaching with the paretic arm. Their brain activity increases in both hemispheres during these tasks, reflecting compensatory effort rather than efficient motor control.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Recommendations for long-term follow-up care of secondary health conditions in spinal cord injury/disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesNo existing guidelines cover all long-term health risks for spinal cord injury. Specialists should coordinate care to catch issues early, as missing follow-up visits triples mortality risk. Annual check-ups are recommended, though evidence for specific intervals remains limited.