SLPCohortAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2025

What Is the Impact of Second Language Exposure and Intellectual Disability Status on Executive Function and Functional Communication Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Sarah M Hutchison, Natalia DiazPinzon, Tim F Oberlander and 1 others

PMID 40583828

WHAT IT FOUND

Parents reported that children with autism who spoke a second language had better everyday executive function than those who did not.

Functional communication scores showed no difference between language groups. The study found no evidence that bilingual exposure harms these outcomes.

Key findings

01Children with autism and second language exposure had significantly better parent-reported executive function scores than those without second language exposure.

02There was no significant difference in parent-reported functional communication skills between children with autism with and without second language exposure.

03The study included a small number of children with autism and intellectual disability, so conclusions about this subgroup are preliminary.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

Outcomes were based solely on parent report, which may reflect caregiver bias rather than objective performance. The study did not quantify the amount of exposure to each language or measure language proficiency. The sample of children with autism and intellectual disability was very small, limiting conclusions for this specific group. Effect sizes for the differences related to second language exposure were small.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the better executive function scores in bilingual children with autism as proof that learning a second language causes cognitive improvement. The study is observational, so other factors such as family resources or home environment may explain the association.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →