OTQualitativeJournal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID2025

What Do They Think? The Opinions of Women With Intellectual Disabilities on Affective-Sexual Relationships: An Interview-Based Study.

Maialen Beltran-Arreche, Judit Fullana Noell, Maria Pallisera Díaz

PMID 40825599

WHAT IT FOUND

Women with intellectual disabilities described facing systemic barriers in relationships, from group homes separating partners to employers threatening child custody.

They identified a critical lack of accessible sex education and support, particularly for LGBTQIA+ identities and abuse survivors.

Key findings

01Participants reported that institutional settings, such as group homes, often actively separated partners or restricted intimacy, while employers in supported work settings prohibited relationships or threatened to remove custody of children from pregnant workers.

02Four of the seven women reported experiencing physical and psychological violence from partners, and two more described emotional manipulation, yet participants felt they lacked awareness of available support resources and that legal proceedings were not adapted to their needs.

03Women who identified as bisexual or gay described a dual discrimination, facing prejudice from both society at large and within the LGBTQIA+ community, leading some to hide their disability to avoid rejection.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

The sample was small (n=7) and consisted only of women with intermittent or limited support needs who were verbally communicative, excluding those with more intensive support needs or non-verbal communication styles. All participants had previously attended a workshop on affective-sexual relationships, which may have increased their comfort and vocabulary regarding these topics compared to the general population of women with intellectual disabilities. The study was conducted in a specific regional context with a dominant institutional care model, limiting transferability to other settings. Findings on motherhood were based on only three participants who were mothers.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The study was funded by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret these findings as evidence that a specific intervention improves outcomes, as this is a qualitative study describing experiences. The high rates of reported abuse and institutional restriction are based on seven women in a specific Spanish context and may not represent the experience of all women with intellectual disabilities, particularly those living independently without support organisation involvement.

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