OTSurveyJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2025

Understanding Music Participation for Adults With Down Syndrome.

Jennie L Dorris, Juleen Rodakowski, Angela Caldwell

PMID 40065483

WHAT IT FOUND

Care partners reported 25 of 27 adults with Down syndrome listened to music weekly or daily, and 20 could listen unaccompanied.

Nine of 27 played weekly or daily, and 13 could play unaccompanied. Playing varied by race, not age or disability level.

Key findings

01Care partners reported that 25 of 27 adults with Down syndrome listened to music weekly or daily, and 20 of 27 could listen unaccompanied.

02Care partners reported that 9 of 27 adults played music weekly or daily, and 13 of 27 could play unaccompanied.

03Playing music was associated with race (p = 0.030), while music listening was not associated with age, race, or intellectual disability level.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

Only 27 care partners were surveyed, and 25 of them were White and 25 were mothers of adults with Down syndrome, so the findings may not apply to other groups. All data were reported by care partners, not by the adults with Down syndrome themselves. The study was cross-sectional, so it can describe associations at one time point but cannot show change over time or cause. The sample came from one U.S. centre and registry, which may limit generalisability. Intellectual disability level was based on care partner report to a screen item and collapsed into broad categories, not formal IQ testing.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that music improves cognition, mood, or well-being in adults with Down syndrome. This survey reported care partner ratings of how often adults listened to or played music and what support they needed; it did not test an intervention or measure clinical outcomes.

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