The Role of the Employer in Supporting Work Participation of Workers with Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review Using an Interdisciplinary Approach.

The included studies were longitudinal observational studies, so they show associations between employer characteristics and work participation, not proof that accommodations or supervisor support caused better outcomes. Different studies defined work accommodations, supervisor support and organizational culture in different ways, and some workplace programmes were delivered alongside other supports, so the effect of one component cannot be isolated. The review included only English-language studies from high-income countries, so findings may not apply in other health or employment systems. Qualitative studies and economics working papers were excluded, which limited detail on organizational culture and may have missed recent economic evidence.

Do not read the positive findings as proof that employer accommodations cause return to work. The review synthesised observational studies in which accommodations, supervisor support and other workplace programmes often occurred together, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated.