PTOtherJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2024

The impact of anxiety on gait impairments in Parkinson's disease: insights from sensor-based gait analysis.

Xiaodan Zhang, Yulan Jin, Mateng Wang and 6 others

PMID 38689288

WHAT IT FOUND

PD patients with anxiety walked with shorter, slower steps and more variable toe-off and heel-strike angles than those without anxiety, mainly during normal walking.

This is an association, not proof that anxiety caused the gait changes.

Key findings

01During single-task walking, patients with anxiety had shorter stride length, lower gait velocity, longer stride and stance times, higher stance phase, smaller toe-off and heel-strike angles, and greater toe-off and heel-strike variability than patients without anxiety.

02During dual-task walking, patients with anxiety still had shorter stride length, lower gait velocity, and higher stance phase, but several differences seen during single-task walking were not significant.

03In regression analyses that considered age, gender, height, weight, disease duration, motor severity, cognition and depression, anxiety remained independently associated with several gait parameters, especially toe-off and heel-strike angles and their variability.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs

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What it does not show

The study was cross-sectional, so it cannot show that anxiety caused the gait differences. The anxiety group had longer disease duration, more depression symptoms, lower cognitive scores, and more female participants, which may confound the association. All participants could walk independently, so the findings may not apply to people with Parkinson's disease who need assistance devices. Gait was measured after antiparkinsonian medication was stopped for 18 hours, not in the usual medication state in which many patients receive therapy. The study recruited from one centre, so selection bias is possible. No anxiety treatment was tested, so the paper cannot show that treating anxiety improves gait. In the dual-task test, some participants may have focused more on walking and others more on counting, which can reduce reliability. Gait speed was not included as a potential confounding factor.

Declared interests

Funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Service and Application Research Foundation, the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, the Ningbo Medical Key Discipline, and the Hwa Mei Foundation. The paper does not report author conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that treating anxiety improves gait. This was an observational cross-sectional study of people who already had or did not have anxiety, not a treatment trial, and gait was measured only after medication was stopped for 18 hours.

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