OTSLPOtherAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2025

Structure and dynamics of anxiety in people with ASD and ID: A network analysis.

Gema P Sáez-Suanes

PMID 39635924

WHAT IT FOUND

In adults with autism and intellectual disability, anxiety and autism symptoms formed a single mixed network rather than separate clusters.

Fear of being touched or pushed acted as a central bridge, linking social behaviors like smiling or being friendly to anxiety symptoms.

Key findings

01Anxiety and autism symptoms formed a single network where items from both disorders were mixed rather than clustered separately.

02The item 'fear of being touched or pushed' showed high centrality and acted as a bridge between the anxiety network and autism symptoms related to socioemotional issues.

03Items regarding the need for anticipation and fear of the unknown were associated with behavioral problems, altered heart rate, and repetitive behaviors.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The sample was a convenience sample from residential centers, which limits generalizability to the broader population of adults with autism and intellectual disability. Assessment relied entirely on observer ratings by therapists because many participants were nonverbal or minimally verbal, meaning self-report data on internal states was not available. The study is cross-sectional and exploratory, so it describes associations between symptoms but cannot prove that one symptom causes another. The results are described by the authors as preliminary and require replication in larger samples.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the network connections as causal evidence that treating one symptom will resolve the other. The study shows associations in a specific group of adults with intellectual disability living in care, so these patterns may not apply to individuals with autism who have higher verbal abilities or live independently.

Read it on PubMed →