Social and emotional characteristics of girls and young women with DDX3X-associated intellectual disability: a descriptive and comparative study.
Elise Ng-Cordell, Anna Kolesnik-Taylor, Sinéad O'Brien and 3 others
PMID 35536379WHAT IT FOUND
Girls and young women with DDX3X intellectual disability had higher anxiety and self-injury than girls with other genetic intellectual disability.
Autism characteristics were similar. Anxiety and self-injury need assessment. Do not assume they are only autism.
Key findings
01Girls and young women with DDX3X variants had significantly higher anxiety than the ID-comparison group.
02Overall self-injurious behaviour was significantly higher in the DDX3X group than in the ID-comparison group.
03Autism characteristics did not differ significantly between the DDX3X group and the ID-comparison group.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs
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What it does not show
The study included only 23 girls and young women with DDX3X variants, so some comparisons may have been underpowered. It was cross-sectional and included only females, so it cannot show change over time or apply to males. Data came mainly from parent reports, and the Developmental Behaviour Checklist was completed by only 21 participants. The autism interview was completed for only 7 participants, limiting detail on autism characteristics. The comparison group included variants in 11 different genes, so it was not one specific genetic comparison group. The study did not examine whether medical or physiological problems such as gastrointestinal, sleep, or motor issues influenced social and emotional outcomes.
Declared interests
Funded by the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund and Newlife, the charity for disabled children. The supplied text does not report author conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not assume autism is the main distinguishing feature of DDX3X. Autism characteristics did not significantly differ from the comparison group; anxiety and self-injury were the features that were higher.