Sleep, Stress, and Symptoms Among People With Heart Failure During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Meghan O'Connell, Sangchoon Jeon, Samantha Conley and 2 others
PMID 35324509WHAT IT FOUND
People with heart failure and insomnia reported less severe insomnia than at 6-month follow-up, but slept 0.59 hours less and had more daytime impairment.
Stress, anxiety, and depression stayed near 6-month levels.
Key findings
01From 6 months to the pandemic, insomnia severity improved, but sleep duration shortened by 0.59 hours and daytime sleep impairment increased, remaining about the population norm.
02The CBT-I and HF self-management education groups did not differ significantly on pandemic outcomes, so their data were combined.
03During the pandemic, 43% of participants reported changes in sleep habits, and 31% reported using strategies such as new routines, sleep hygiene, limiting news, diet or exercise changes, or relaxation.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Only 112 of 152 parent-study participants were included, and those included had lower body mass index and less comorbidity, so results may not apply to more comorbid patients. This was a post hoc follow-up, and it may have lacked power to detect differences between the CBT-I and HF self-management education groups. The time between the 6-month visit and the pandemic survey varied from 6 months to 4 years, which could affect outcomes. The interventions ended about 8 to 10 weeks after baseline, and there was no further support except data collection. Participants may have received mental health or other supports, but this was not measured.
Declared interests
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The article is listed as supported by NIH extramural research funding.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the sustained or improved sleep and mood levels as proof that CBT-I or HF self-management education protected people with heart failure during the pandemic. The pandemic survey was a follow-up, not a new randomized comparison; the two groups did not differ significantly and were combined, and the study could not separate intervention effects from elapsed time, selection, or unmeasured supports.