PTOtherInternational journal of sports physical therapy2025

Reliability of Ultrasound Based Compressibility of the Lower Leg Anterior Tibial Muscle Compartment in Healthy Volunteers.

Kay van Heeswijk, Daniëlle Spek, Jesse Muijsenberg and 4 others

PMID 39906056

WHAT IT FOUND

Ultrasound compressibility measurements of the lower leg were unreliable in healthy adults when using the transition zone landmark.

Using the interosseous membrane improved reliability, but compressibility scores remained poor overall, suggesting caution before applying this technique clinically.

Key findings

01Inter-observer reliability for muscle compressibility was poor when using the transition zone interosseous membrane to tibial bone landmark, but moderate when using the interosseous membrane alone.

02Reliability of thickness measurements was good, but compressibility measurements showed poor agreement between different observers.

03Observer positioning affected reliability, with left leg measurements showing lower intraclass correlation than right leg measurements.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs

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What it does not show

The study included only healthy volunteers, so results may not apply to patients with suspected compartment syndrome. Observers had no prior ultrasound experience, which may have lowered reliability compared to expert operators. Measurements were taken at rest, not after exercise, which is when symptoms occur in chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Compressibility reliability remained poor to moderate, limiting its immediate clinical utility.

Declared interests

The study devices were provided by the manufacturer free of charge.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume this ultrasound method is ready for diagnosing compartment syndrome. The compressibility measurements showed poor agreement between different clinicians, meaning a score from one therapist may not match a score from another, making clinical decision-making risky.

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