PTSurveyJournal of physical therapy science2025

Relationships between learning motivation, study time, and regular test scores elucidated using self-determination theory-a study of first-year students in their first semester.

Takashi Yoshizawa, Syuichi Yoshida, Katsuhiko Mizota and 3 others

PMID 40757014

WHAT IT FOUND

Anxiety about grades drove study time, while enjoyment of learning predicted test scores.

Teachers should address exam anxiety to encourage studying, but foster genuine interest in the subject to improve academic performance.

Key findings

01Introjected Regulation, characterized by anxiety and desire for good grades, was significantly associated with increased study time on both weekdays and weekends.

02Intrinsic Regulation, characterized by enjoyment and interest, was significantly associated with higher grade point averages in specialized basic courses.

03Identified Regulation had the highest median score among motivation subscales, suggesting students largely recognized the value of studying for their future careers.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs

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What it does not show

The study is cross-sectional, capturing only a single point in time (first semester), so it cannot determine causality or how motivation changes over the course of training. Participants were from a single institution in Japan, limiting generalizability to other educational contexts or countries. Study time was self-reported via a questionnaire, which may be subject to recall bias or social desirability bias. The sample size was relatively small (78 students).

Declared interests

None declared.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that increasing study time will automatically improve grades. This study found that study time was driven by anxiety, but it was intrinsic interest, not the amount of time studied, that was associated with higher test scores.

Read it on PubMed →