Relationship between plantar pressure distribution and sagittal spinal curvatures among handball players: A cross-sectional study.

The study included only male handball players, so results cannot be generalised to female athletes or other sports. Measurements were taken in a static standing position; dynamic activities like running or throwing may produce different pressure patterns. The study did not control for or assess the specific playing position (e.g., wing, pivot), which affects physical demands. Participants were measured barefoot, which may not reflect pressure distribution when wearing sports shoes. The cross-sectional design cannot determine if spinal curvature causes the pressure changes or if both are influenced by other factors like height or training history.

The authors declared no conflict of interest. No funding was received for this work.

Do not assume that spinal curvature directly causes the observed plantar pressure changes or that correcting the spine will normalise foot loading. This is a cross-sectional study showing an association, not a causal link, and it did not measure dynamic movement or the effect of any intervention.