SLPOtherResearch in developmental disabilities2018

Reduced sensitivity to context in language comprehension: A characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders or of poor structural language ability?

Melanie Eberhardt, Aparna Nadig

PMID 26898317

WHAT IT FOUND

Children with autism and normal language understood context as well as peers.

When autism came with weaker grammar and vocabulary, context understanding dropped, like in children with language impairment. Check structural language before assuming an autism-specific comprehension style.

Key findings

01Children with autism and normal language did not differ from typically developing children in accuracy or response time when using sentence context to choose a picture.

02In Experiment 2, children with autism made fewer context-sensitive completions than typically developing controls, but children with primary language impairment also made fewer, and the autism and language impairment groups did not differ.

03In Experiment 1, structural language ability predicted context-sensitive responses for rare homonyms, while nonverbal IQ and autism diagnosis did not.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The two experiments were not parallel: one used picture selection in English, the other used sentence completion in German, so task differences could influence results. The children were tested only in a narrow age range and in a very structured language task, so it may not show how they understand everyday conversation. In Experiment 2, the language impairment group had lower nonverbal test scores than the other groups, which can complicate comparison. This was not a treatment study, so it does not show that improving language will improve context use.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that children with autism have a general weakness in using context. Children with autism and normal language performed like controls, and children with autism plus language impairment looked like children with language impairment, not like a distinct autism group.

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The study

Participants
Experiment 1: 19 children with autism and normal language, 19 typically developing children, and 6 additional children with autism and lower language scores included in regression (total sample size 44). Experiment 2: 30 children with autism, 30 typically developing children, and 24 children with primary language impairment.
Certainty of evidence
Low

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Cite

Melanie Eberhardt, Aparna Nadig Reduced sensitivity to context in language comprehension: A characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders or of poor structural language ability? Research in developmental disabilities. 2018.

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