PTSystematic ReviewJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2026

Real-world gait study of Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors: a systematic review.

Mona Michaud, Nicolas de l'Escalopier, Cyril Voisard and 2 others

PMID 42310670

WHAT IT FOUND

Across 63 studies, people with Parkinson's walked more slowly, with shorter steps and more variable gait when monitored with wearables at home compared with healthy controls.

The studies used different devices, sensor sites and analysis methods, so the results cannot be pooled.

Key findings

01The review covers 63 studies of real-world gait monitoring in Parkinson's disease, 90% (57 of 63) observational and 10% (6 of 63) interventional.

02Sample sizes were mostly small: 70% (44 of 63) studied fewer than 100 people and 27% (17 of 63) fewer than 30.

03MDS-UPDRS part III was the clinical scale used most often, in 87% (55 of 63) of studies, followed by Hoehn and Yahr in 57% (36 of 63).

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs

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What it does not show

The search covered only a small set of databases and excluded grey literature, so relevant work may have been missed. The studies differed so much in design, sensors and outcome definitions that no pooled estimate could be produced, which is why the review reports themes rather than an effect. Most included studies were small, and the most common quality problems were inadequate power and unclear external validity, so the participants may not represent the wider Parkinson's population. More than half the studies (54%, 34 of 63) did not report any check that participants actually wore the sensors during home recording, which can leave unreliable or incomplete data. No consensus emerged on sensor type, body placement, sampling frequency or how walking bouts were defined, so recordings from different studies are not comparable. The review is limited to articles published between September 2013 and September 2023 in the databases searched.

Declared interests

The paper names its funders: the Agence de l'innovation de Defense, Sysnav, Ecole Normale Superieure Paris Saclay, and the French Defense Health Service (SSA). No separate conflict-of-interest declaration appears in the text supplied.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as evidence that wearable gait monitoring is ready for routine clinical use. The review could not combine the 63 studies because they used different devices, sensor placements and analysis methods, and no agreed way of computing the measures exists.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →