SLPOtherFolia phoniatrica et logopaedica : official organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)2026

Quantifying Pharyngeal Residue during Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies (VFSS/MBS): Validation of Percentage-Based Visual-Perceptual Residue Ratings.

James Curtis, Valentina Mocchetti, Brandon Jagdhar and 3 others

PMID 40795820

WHAT IT FOUND

Percentage-based visual ratings of pharyngeal residue on VFSS still images matched pixel-based ground truth with moderate-to-substantial agreement and excellent reliability.

Accuracy was higher for clinicians using frame-by-frame analysis and standardized tools, but lower with more years of experience.

Key findings

01Visual-perceptual percentage ratings of bolus clearance ratio and vallecular residue showed moderate-to-substantial agreement with ground-truth pixel measurements, with median absolute differences of 7.41 and 6.47 percentage points respectively.

02Group-level inter-rater reliability was good-to-excellent (ICC 0.90-0.93) and intra-rater reliability was excellent (ICC 0.92-0.97) for both measures.

03Greater years of work experience were associated with lower rating accuracy, while frequent use of frame-by-frame analysis and standardized assessments like DIGEST or MBSImP were associated with greater accuracy.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The study used static images with superimposed digital tracings to guide ratings, which does not reflect typical clinical practice where such visual aids are absent. The design was survey-based, potentially introducing sampling bias toward clinicians with more time or motivation. The study did not assess dynamic swallowing events, bolus timing, or kinematic measures. Piriform residue ratings were not examined. The study did not directly compare the interpretability of percentage-based versus categorical ratings in real-world clinical communication.

Declared interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest. The study was not supported by any funder.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume this accuracy applies to standard clinical VFSS interpretation without visual aids. The high accuracy and reliability observed depended on clinicians using still images with superimposed digital tracings that defined the exact spatial boundaries for rating. Real-world clinical practice lacks these explicit boundaries, which may reduce precision.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →