Pilot Tobacco Treatment Intervention for Women in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorder.
Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Janine Barnett, Letitia Ducas and 3 others
PMID 30273555WHAT IT FOUND
Women in residential substance use treatment who completed a six month program with cessation education, exercise, social support, quitline, nicotine replacement, texts, membership, tracker and gift card reported fewer cigarettes and lower nicotine dependence at five weeks, but breath and urine tests did not change.
Key findings
01At 5 weeks, 12 participants reported a median of 10.5 cigarettes per day, compared with a median of 20 at baseline, and reported mean nicotine dependence scores of 3.00, compared with 5.13 at baseline.
02Expired air carbon monoxide and urine cotinine remained similar over time.
03Seven participants provided 6-month data: three completely stopped using traditional cigarettes, one completely stopped using tobacco products, and two switched entirely to electronic cigarettes.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The sample was small, with 23 women enrolled and only 7 women completing the program. Retention was low over time, and no a priori power analysis was conducted. The majority of participants were White, so results may not generalize to more diverse populations. Cigarettes per day were self-reported and subject to social desirability bias. Expired air carbon monoxide and urine cotinine did not change despite self-reported reductions in cigarettes and nicotine dependence. Physical activity was not objectively assessed because tracker data were not usable. Participants' engagement with residential treatment services was not adjusted for. Multiple components were delivered together, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated.
Declared interests
The authors report no conflict of interest or relevant financial relationships. The paper is listed as receiving NIH extramural research support.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that this program helps women quit smoking. The reported fewer cigarettes and lower nicotine dependence were self-reported, seven women had six-month data, and breath and urine tests did not change.