Multimodal colour modulation for cognitive enhancement in intelligent rehabilitation: a systematic review and translational guidance.

The review protocol was not prospectively registered. The review could not combine studies numerically because tasks, colour parameters, populations, and outcomes were too heterogeneous. Most evidence came from healthy adults or general human-computer interaction settings, not rehabilitation-specific patients. The review reports which way studies leaned, not how large any benefit was or whether it mattered clinically. Retention, transfer, adherence, and clinically meaningful benefit were not sufficiently demonstrated. Colour calibration, device settings, ambient lighting, and adaptive control logic were often incompletely reported. Risk of bias was concentrated in study selection, randomisation detail, and reporting domains. Language restriction to English and incomplete retrieval may have missed relevant studies. A formal certainty rating was not applied; confidence judgements were qualitative and cluster-level.

Do not conclude that coloured backgrounds or hue changes will improve cognitive rehabilitation in patients. The review found only conditional immediate-task effects, mostly in healthy people, and it did not show lasting benefit, transfer, adherence, or clinically meaningful improvement in rehabilitation populations.