SLPCohortJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

Longitudinal Transition Between Regular and Special Education in Autistic Children: Predictors and Policy Effects.

Chantal van den Helder, Rachel Plak, Martijn Meeter and 1 others

PMID 38769204

WHAT IT FOUND

Dutch inclusive education policy did not reduce special school placements for autistic children; the proportion even slightly increased.

Placement was predicted by lower IQ, co-occurring conditions, behavioral problems, and being male. Transitions were rare and driven by age and IQ.

Key findings

01The implementation of the inclusive education policy was associated with an increase, not a decrease, in the likelihood of placement in special schools.

02Children with lower intelligence, co-occurring conditions, higher behavioral indicators, and boys were more likely to be placed in special schools.

03Transitions between regular and special schools were rare, with most children remaining in their initial placement.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

There was no pre-2013 baseline data to compare directly with the policy change. The study relied on parent reports for school placement and characteristics. Sample size declined significantly over time (from 847 in 2013 to 230 in 2021), reducing power for later waves. Missing data for behavioral indicators and autistic traits reduced the sample for key analyses. The 'special school' category was broad, including schools for various disabilities, so it is unclear if placements were due to autism or co-occurring conditions.

Declared interests

The Netherlands Autism Register was established by the Dutch Association for Autism (NVA) in collaboration with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The NVA's purpose includes protecting the interests of autistic people. No specific funding sources or author conflicts of interest were declared in the provided text.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the policy's association with increased special school placement as a causal failure of the law itself. The study design cannot rule out that schools became more aware of support needs or that other factors drove the slight increase. The lack of pre-policy baseline data limits conclusions about the policy's true impact.

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