Influence of Nutrition and Nonnutrition Factors on Pressure Injury Outcomes Among At-Risk Asian Nursing Home Residents.
Tracey L Yap, Susan Kennerly, Susan D Horn and 3 others
PMID 31498169WHAT IT FOUND
Asian nursing home residents developed pressure injuries more often than non-Asian residents (6% versus 1%), despite similar Braden scores.
They were less likely to finish all meals, were less likely to take liquid supplements, and Asian residents with injuries had more wet briefs.
Key findings
01Asian residents developed pressure injuries more often than non-Asian residents: 6 of 97 Asian residents (6%) versus 4 of 408 non-Asian residents (1%).
02Braden total and subscale scores, including the nutrition subscale, did not significantly differ across the race and pressure injury groups, and 21-day weight change did not vary by race or pressure injury.
03Asian residents were less likely to eat 100% of meals and less likely to consume liquid supplements at all; among the 10 residents who developed pressure injuries, Asian residents had more wet briefs per day and bathed in tubs more often.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
Only 10 residents developed pressure injuries, so the comparisons are unstable. This was a secondary analysis of a short-term trial, not a randomized test of nutrition, bathing, or moisture management. Follow-up lasted 3 weeks, while pressure injury risk in nursing homes can continue for up to two years. The study did not specify Asian subgroups, and nutrition and health risks differ among Asian populations. Wet briefs were counted without knowing whether fecal matter was present, so moisture exposure was not fully characterized. Many dietary differences were trends and could reflect multiple comparisons rather than true differences. Nursing home quality ratings and pressure injury history were not available at the time of the study.
Declared interests
No conflicts of interest were declared.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the 6% versus 1% pressure injury difference as proof that Asian heritage, diet, tub bathing, or wet briefs caused pressure injuries. This was a secondary analysis with only 10 pressure injuries, and many nutritional and risk-score differences were not significant or were only trends.