Identifying types of non-pharmacological interventions administered by healthcare providers for older adults with neurocognitive disorders who have lower urinary tract symptoms: A scoping review.

This is a scoping review, so it maps intervention types rather than testing whether they work. The included studies used different designs, settings, cognitive tests, and severity cutoffs. Direct comparison is difficult. Most evidence concerned urinary incontinence, leaving little information about nocturia, overactive bladder, retention, or other lower urinary tract symptoms. No qualitative or mixed-methods studies were included, despite the review allowing them, so patient and caregiver experiences were not synthesized. Many interventions were multicomponent, so the effect of any single discipline or component cannot be separated. Searches were limited to English and Japanese, and use of ICHUSHI Web may introduce language and indexing bias. Caregiver education content and delivery were often poorly described, limiting reproducibility.

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Do not read this review as proof that any continence intervention works. It mapped heterogeneous studies. Many combined several components, and most focused on urinary incontinence rather than testing effectiveness.