Further Validation of the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Mode Use.

The sample was 111 second-year occupational therapy students from two Norwegian programs, mostly women, so it may not represent practising therapists or other countries. The study measured self-reported confidence, not observed therapeutic skill, so scores may not show what students can actually do with clients. The response rate was 78.2%, and the 31 nonresponders were mostly women, but volunteers may still differ from students who did not respond. Item 26 behaved poorly in this sample, so the problem-solving scale needs caution. Internal consistency was very high for several five-item scales, which may mean the items were too similar rather than a strong scale. The N-CAM items were modified to measure self-efficacy, so they may not fully capture actual behaviors.

Do not read the N-SETMU scores as evidence that a therapist can use a therapeutic mode effectively. The study only showed that students' confidence in abstract mode labels matched their confidence in concrete behaviors, and self-efficacy is not the same as demonstrated skill.