Frequency and risk factors of pressure injuries in clinical settings of affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
AhmadMirza Aghazadeh, Mojgan Lotfi, Hossein Asgarpour and 2 others
PMID 33570276WHAT IT FOUND
19.5% of 200 hospital patients developed pressure injuries.
Older age, immobility, low Braden scores, longer stay, higher weight, poor nutrition, moisture, friction and shear, and incontinence were linked to them.
Key findings
0139 of the 200 patients (19.5%) had pressure injuries.
02Higher Braden Scale scores were associated with a lower chance of having a pressure injury.
03Pressure injuries were associated with older age, longer hospital stay, higher weight, and several Braden Scale dimensions, including moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, sensory perception, and friction/shear.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study was cross-sectional and observational, so it shows associations, not cause and effect. It included only patients who stayed at least 5 days and had no pressure injury or vascular wound at admission, so it may not apply to shorter stays or existing wounds. The sample came from four teaching hospitals affiliated with one university, so results may not generalise to other settings. Only 39 patients had pressure injuries, which limits confidence in the risk factor estimates. The paper gives conflicting study dates: methods say November 2018 to February 2019, but monitoring says April to June 2017. The reliability check used only 15 patients evaluated by two researchers. The study did not test a prevention programme, so it cannot show that risk assessment reduced pressure injuries.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences funded the study.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that the Braden Scale prevents pressure injuries. This study observed associations in hospitalized patients; it did not test whether using the scale reduced pressure injuries.