SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Research for speech-language pathology

Papers a speech-language pathologist can act on — aphasia, dysphagia, developmental language, fluency, voice and augmentative communication — read in full and summarised plainly.

10,216 PAPERS · PAGE 76 OF 205 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPCohort2021Predictors of nasogastric tube removal in patients with stroke and dysphagia.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationA four-item model using admission Barthel score, lip closure, ability to answer simple questions, and pre-stroke independence predicted nasogastric tube removal. A score above the cutoff had 85.45% sensitivity and 73.44% positive predictive value for returning to oral feeding.
• PTOTSLPRCT2021Beyond Physical Capacity: Factors Associated With Real-world Walking Activity After Stroke.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationStroke survivors with higher walking speed, balance confidence, cognitive scores, and lower area deprivation walked significantly more daily steps. Those in the highest activity class had the fastest speed, highest confidence, and best cognition. Assessing these factors, not just physical capacity, may help target interventions to increase real-world walking.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Linking AM-PAC Cognition to PROMIS Cognitive Function.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationThe AM-PAC and PROMIS cognitive tests measure the same underlying ability. A new crosswalk allows clinicians to convert scores between them. This enables tracking of patient progress even when switching from one tool to the other or comparing data across different clinics.
• PTOTSLPRCT2021Postconcussion Exercise Volume Associations With Depression, Anxiety, and Dizziness Symptoms, and Postural Stability: Preliminary Findings.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationConcussed patients reporting high exercise volume had lower depression, anxiety, and dizziness scores and faster tandem gait times than those with low volume. Because this was a secondary analysis of a trial, exercise volume was self-reported and not randomized, so causality cannot be inferred.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Functional Gains in Children Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation After Brain Tumor Resection.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationChildren recovering from brain tumor surgery showed significant functional gains during inpatient rehab and continued improving three months after discharge. Earlier admission and older age predicted better outcomes, but tumor location and neurological risk scores did not add predictive value beyond basic patient characteristics.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Cause of death trends among adults with and without cerebral palsy in the United States, 2013-2017.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicineAdults with cerebral palsy die 24 years younger than peers. They are far more likely to die from respiratory causes and choking, but less likely to die from heart disease and cancer. Clinicians must monitor respiratory health and swallowing safety throughout adulthood.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health, financial worries, and perceived organizational support among people living with disabilities in Canada.Disability and health journalWorkers with combined physical and mental disabilities reported the most concern about health and finances and the least support. However, these differences disappeared once job stress and unmet accommodation needs were considered. Employment conditions, not just disability status, drive these perceptions.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2021Changes in life experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities in the COVID-19 pandemics in South Korea.Disability and health journalAdults with intellectual disabilities described losing their daily structure when community centers closed, leading to irregular sleep, poor eating, and isolation. They struggled to connect with friends remotely but found comfort in new solitary hobbies like feeding stray cats or learning piano.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Perceived Injustice After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationPerceived injustice levels were low and similar in mild brain injury and ankle fracture groups. However, feeling that the injury was unfair or permanent correlated strongly with more postconcussion, depressive, and stress symptoms in the brain injury group.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Virtual health care for adult patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review.Disability and health journalVirtual care can work for adults with intellectual disabilities, but success depends on having a support person present, good internet, and a quiet space. Phone visits were often preferred over video by patients, while many found virtual care rushed or impersonal during the pandemic.
• PTSLPCohort2021Calcium, fiber, iron, and sodium intake in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities and overweight and obesity.Disability and health journalAdolescents with intellectual disabilities and overweight consumed far too little fiber and too much sodium. Iron intake was adequate, but calcium was low for younger teens. Dietary interventions should prioritize fiber-rich foods and sodium reduction.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Practical guidance on use of TEARS-Q to diagnose post-stroke emotionalism.Clinical rehabilitationA self-report questionnaire for post-stroke emotionalism uses three score ranges to guide care. Scores of 0-1 rule out the condition, 6-16 confirm it, and 2-5 require a full interview. This triage reduced the need for detailed assessment to just 9% of the sample.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022COVID-19 positivity rates, hospitalizations and mortality of adults with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada.Disability and health journalAdults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than other adults. Once infected, they were 2.21 times more likely to be hospitalized and 2.23 times more likely to die within 30 days. Risks were highest in younger adults.
• PTOTSLPOther2021A Retrospective Quality Improvement Study to Describe Operational Management Strategies in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationInpatients continued to make functional gains despite pandemic restrictions, but length of stay increased. Bedside therapy and reduced hours did not prevent improvements in self-care and mobility scores compared to the prior year.
• SLPCohort2021Prescribing Patterns of Amantadine During Pediatric Inpatient Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicentered Retrospective Review From the Pediatric Brain Injury Consortium.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationAmantadine was prescribed to 21% of children after traumatic brain injury, mostly those with disorders of consciousness. Dosing varied widely, from 0.7 to 13.5 mg/kg/day, with no standard protocol. Adverse effects occurred in 16% of treated patients, but no serious events were reported.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Challenges of Estimating Accurate Prevalence of Arm Weakness Early After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairEstimates of arm weakness after stroke vary widely depending on how and when you measure it. A SAFE score at two days found 40% weakness, while an NIHSS score at admission found 59%. The 70% figure often cited is outdated and method-dependent.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Recovery of Visuospatial Neglect Subtypes and Relationship to Functional Outcome Six Months After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairAllocentric neglect predicts poor long-term function, but unlike egocentric neglect, its severity does not predict recovery. Patients with allocentric deficits may not improve proportionally to their initial loss. Standardised screening for allocentric errors is needed to identify those most at risk for chronic impairment.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021Food sufficiency and the utilization of free food resources for working-age Americans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Disability and health journalWorking-age people with disabilities were less likely to have enough food and more likely to use free food resources than those without disabilities. However, the pandemic did not cause a disproportionately larger drop in food sufficiency for this group compared to others.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2022Examining the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community engagement for people with mobility disabilities.Disability and health journalMost people with mobility disabilities reported their access to family and friends worsened during the pandemic. They also faced barriers to food, transportation, and employment, relying on technology to stay connected despite frequent issues with internet reliability and cost.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2022State-specific prevalence of current e-cigarette use by disability status and disability type-United States, BRFSS 2016-2018.Disability and health journalCurrent e-cigarette use is significantly higher among US adults with disabilities than without. The disparity is most pronounced in young adults aged 18-24 and those with cognitive disabilities. Clinicians should routinely screen all patients with disabilities for vaping.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Daily Variation in Sleep Quality is Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life in People With Spinal Cord Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationFor people with spinal cord injury, sleeping well one night predicts feeling less pain, fatigue, and brain fog the next morning, but this effect fades by afternoon. Weekly sleep quality predicts overall health-related quality of life, but daily sleep duration does not.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2021Adaptations for rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic proposed by scientific organizations and rehabilitation professionals.Journal of rehabilitation medicineRehabilitation associations issued service adaptations prioritizing inpatient care for critical patients and shifting outpatient services to telerehabilitation. They mandated strict infection control, including PPE and screening, to prevent transmission while maintaining access for urgent and vulnerable populations.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2021Primary Melanocytomas of the Spinal Cord: Case Studies and Rehabilitation Perspectives.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationPatients with rare spinal cord tumors had functional gains after surgery and inpatient rehabilitation, but no comparison group means these cases cannot show rehabilitation caused the gains.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Adults.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationOlder adults with a first head injury face a 3% annual risk of a second one. Epilepsy, dementia, Parkinson's, depression, and atrial fibrillation significantly raise this risk. These factors should trigger aggressive fall prevention and close monitoring for further head trauma.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Cognitive function and performance of everyday activities in adults with spina bifida.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAdults with spina bifida showed poor daily living skills and cognitive deficits, even without intellectual disability. Psychomotor speed and executive function correlated with ADL performance. Clinicians should screen for these specific deficits to guide support, as standard cognitive tests may miss key functional issues.
• OTSLPSurvey2022Therapy use for U.S. school-aged children with developmental disabilities: State variation and determinants.Disability and health journalOnly 34.6% of U.S. school-aged children with developmental disabilities were currently using therapy services. Use varied by state, from 21.7% in Iowa to 51.1% in the District of Columbia. State-level factors did not explain these differences.
• SLPPilot2021Reemergence of the language network during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury: A pilot functional MRI study.Brain injuryIn eight patients who recovered basic language after severe TBI, fMRI responses to speech rose over months in the left superior temporal gyrus, but not consistently in right temporal or frontal regions. This is imaging evidence of network change, not a therapy effect.
• PTOTSLPPilot2021SWADAPT1: assessment of an electric wheelchair-driving robotic module in standardized circuits: a prospective, controlled repeated measure design pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA robotic wheelchair module reduced collisions in expert users on difficult circuits but significantly slowed them down. It did not change cognitive load or satisfaction. These findings apply to skilled drivers, not the patients with driving difficulties who need such assistance.
• PTOTSLPRCT2021Comparison of attention process training and activity-based attention training after acquired brain injury: A randomized controlled study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAttention Process Training (APT) improved specific work skills like mental energy and organization more than Activity-based Attention Training (ABAT). However, both groups improved similarly in daily life satisfaction and general work ability, so neither approach proved superior for overall occupational outcomes.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Which Balance Evaluation Systems Test sections best distinguish levels of post-stroke functional walking status?Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe Stability in Gait section of the BESTest best identifies stroke patients who can walk in the community. A score of 73.8% on this section accurately distinguishes limited from unlimited community walkers. Other sections help identify those restricted to household walking.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Determining the Prevalence, Implementation Approaches, and Opinions of Above Cuff Vocalization: A Survey of Health Care Professionals.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationHealth professionals report huge variability in how they deliver above cuff vocalization, with no standard approach to timing, safety checks, or staff training. Most use it with fewer than ten patients a month, and few collect any outcome measures to track whether it is actually working.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Within-subject variation in the cognitive timed up and go test as an explanatory variable in fall risk in patients with parkinson's disease.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn Parkinson's disease, greater within-session variation in the cognitive Timed Up and Go test time strongly predicts recurrent falls. A cut-off of 1.53 seconds identified recurrent fallers with acceptable accuracy. Single-trial testing may miss this risk signal.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021The Association Between Concussion History and Increased Symptom Severity Reporting Is Independent of Common Medical Comorbidities, Personality Factors, and Sleep Quality in Collegiate Athletes.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationCollegiate athletes with more prior concussions reported higher symptom severity and distress, even after accounting for sleep quality and personality. Orthopedic injury history did not show this link, suggesting the symptoms reflect brain injury effects rather than general physical trauma.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Rehabilitation in Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Japanese Retrospective, Observational, Multi-Institutional Survey.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationMost mild and severe patients recovered walking and swallowing independently without rehabilitation. Critical patients had higher rates of persistent disability. Rehabilitation was provided to only 13% of patients, often delayed or suspended due to PPE shortages and staff concerns, though no therapists were infected.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Adaptive Measurement of Change: A Novel Method to Reduce Respondent Burden and Detect Significant Individual-Level Change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationAdaptive testing reduced follow-up questionnaire length by 55% and time by 53% for hospitalized patients showing significant functional change. The method detected individual improvement or decline while maintaining precision, though it currently lacks stopping rules for stable patients.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022The Effect of physical therapy on impairments in COVID-19 patients from intensive care to home rehabilitation: A rapid review.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePhysical therapy improved breathing, walking distance, and anxiety in COVID-19 patients across hospital and home settings. However, most studies lacked control groups, so natural recovery cannot be ruled out as the cause of these gains.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Implementing a Stratified Vocational Advice Intervention for People on Sick Leave with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Multimethod Process Evaluation.Journal of occupational rehabilitationPhysiotherapists delivered a telephone-based vocational advice intervention to 89% of those randomised. They covered core topics and made action plans, but rarely contacted employers or GPs, and no face-to-face meetings occurred due to lack of facilities and pandemic restrictions.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Association of physical and mental symptoms with cognition in people with spinal cord injury.Rehabilitation psychologyMost physical and mental symptoms did not correlate with objective cognitive test scores in people with spinal cord injury. Higher pain intensity was associated with worse attention. Anxiety and fatigue correlated with perceived cognitive dysfunction, but not necessarily with actual performance deficits.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2021Systematic Review: Recommendations for Rehabilitation in ASD and ID From Clinical Practice Guidelines.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationMost rehabilitation recommendations for autism and intellectual disability are based on expert opinion, not trials. Guidelines rarely address core symptoms, focusing instead on medication and co-occurring issues like sleep or behavior. Clinicians should treat these as suggestions rather than proven interventions.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Acute Cortisol Profile Associations With Cognitive Impairment After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairAdults with severe traumatic brain injury who had consistently high serum or cerebrospinal fluid cortisol in the first five days scored significantly lower on memory and executive function tests six months later. These early hormone profiles may help identify patients at risk for long-term cognitive impairment.
• PTOTSLPRCT2021Kinect-based rapid movement training to improve balance recovery for stroke fall prevention: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationKinect-based rapid movement training improved balance scores in chronic stroke survivors, matching the gains seen with conventional physiotherapy. It did not, however, make participants faster at reacting to a simulated fall compared to standard care.
• SLPOther2022Validation of the pediatric Radboud Dysarthria Assessment.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineThe pediatric Radboud Dysarthria Assessment is feasible for children aged 5 to 18 and shows good reliability. It can be completed in under 20 minutes. Severity scores correlate strongly with other communication measures, helping therapists quantify dysarthria impact on daily speech.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Discriminatory Capacity of the Physical Domain Versus the Full-Scale Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory With Traumatic Brain Injury Severity in Children.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationThe full Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory detects brain injury severity better than the physical domain alone. The physical score identifies moderate and severe cases but misses milder ones. Clinicians should use the full survey, which takes less than five minutes, for complete assessment.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome Negatively Impacts Physical Function, Cognitive Function, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Participation.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationPatients with post-acute COVID-19 reported severe fatigue, cognitive impairment, and reduced participation. Physical exertion triggered symptom exacerbation in 86% of patients, and full-time employment dropped from 76% to 41%. These findings suggest rehabilitation must account for post-exertional worsening.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022Setting meaningful goals in rehabilitation: A qualitative study on the experiences of clients and clinicians in working with a practical tool.Clinical rehabilitationClients and clinicians described a global meaning session as helping them set a stable overall rehabilitation goal. This goal gave direction to specific therapy tasks and improved motivation. For some clients, this connection also supported actual behavior change.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Effect of a Mobile Health App on Adherence to Physical Health Treatment: Retrospective Analysis.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesPatients who chose to use a clinic app kept more appointments but also missed more. This pattern held only for those who quit treatment early. The app did not change attendance for patients who completed their prescribed course of care.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2022Effect of multimorbidity and psychosocial factors on posttraumatic stress symptoms among post-9/11 veterans.Rehabilitation psychologyVeterans with pain, mental health, or brain injury comorbidities reported higher PTSD severity than healthy peers. Self-efficacy, resilience, and social support explained nearly half the variance in PTSD symptoms. However, Black and Hispanic veterans reported greater PTSD severity than White veterans even with higher resilience and self-efficacy.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Predictors of Acute Transfer and Mortality Within 6 Months From Admission to an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility for Patients With Brain Tumors.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPatients with brain tumors admitted to rehab had a 20.2% acute transfer rate and 36.9% six-month mortality. Prior chemotherapy, steroid use, and recurrent disease were linked to these outcomes. Functional status on admission did not predict transfer or death.
• PTOTSLPOther2022A delphi procedure on rehabilitation outcome for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury; first phase of the Neurotraumatology Quality Registry (NET-QURE).Journal of rehabilitation medicineExperts agreed on specific outcome measures for 12 of 17 domains in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Consensus was reached for tools assessing quality of life, pain, anxiety, depression, communication, and activities of daily living.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Dysphagia Characteristics of Patients Post SARS-CoV-2 During Inpatient Rehabilitation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationLonger intubation increases the odds of airway invasion during swallowing, with each extra day raising the odds by 15%. Clinical bedside swallow exams often miss silent aspiration. Instrumental assessments like VFSS are needed to safely guide diet upgrades in post-COVID inpatient rehabilitation.