Establishing Norms of Connected Speech Measures for Story-Telling in Cantonese-Speaking Adults.

The study only used familiar fable stories, so these norms may not apply when asking patients to describe unfamiliar pictures or scenes. The stories were presented in a fixed order, so practice effects from the first story may have influenced performance on the second. Gender differences were not analysed, so the norms apply to the group as a whole rather than specific genders. The results apply only to native Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong and may not generalise to other dialects or cultures.

The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Do not assume that a patient's lower speech output is due to aphasia or cognitive decline if they have a lower education level, as education significantly reduces word count and information density. Also, do not switch stories between assessments, as the two tasks are not comparable in difficulty.