SLPSystematic ReviewInternational journal of language & communication disorders2022

Efficacy, model of delivery, intensity and targets of pragmatic interventions for children with developmental language disorder: A systematic review.

Kristine M Jensen de López, Jelena Kuvač Kraljević, Emilie L Bang Struntze

PMID 35445482

WHAT IT FOUND

Five of eleven studies found significant gains in pragmatic language after intervention, but the targets, measures, and doses varied so much that no single approach can be recommended.

The evidence is too thin to change how you treat a child's conversational or narrative skills.

Key findings

01Five of the eleven included studies reported significant improvement in pragmatic language outcomes, with the authors describing effect sizes from 0.04 to 1.50.

02A prior systematic search found significantly fewer intervention studies targeting pragmatics than those targeting grammar, vocabulary, or phonology in children with DLD.

03Seven of the eleven interventions were delivered indirectly by parents, teaching assistants, or other trained professionals, and four were delivered directly by a specialist.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The 11 included studies used different targets, different outcome measures, and different doses, so they cannot be compared directly or pooled. Several individual studies had small samples (as few as 3 children in one study) and high or unclear risk of bias in selection, performance, and detection domains. Half of the studies had no follow-up period, so there is no evidence that any gains were maintained. Only one study was conducted in a non-English-speaking country (Italy), and all participants were monolingual, so the findings do not extend to multilingual children. The review is a narrative synthesis, not a meta-analysis, so no overall effect size can be calculated.

Declared interests

The authors declare no known conflict of interest. The review was conducted as part of European COST Action 1406, a publicly funded research network.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read the five positive studies as proof that pragmatic intervention works for all children with DLD. The six studies that found no effect used different targets and measures, and the positive studies had high or unclear risk of bias in several domains. The authors themselves state that the results did not show a clear picture of which aspects of pragmatics lead to improvement.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →