Effects of the "Internet +" nursing model based on user profiling on postoperative recovery in breast cancer: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

The study was single-centre and used convenience sampling, so it may not reflect other hospitals or populations. The intervention period was only one month, so it does not show long-term effects. The sample was relatively small, with 104 patients analysed. The study focused on psychological and quality-of-life outcomes and did not assess objective physical function recovery, such as upper limb function or lymphedema. The intervention was a bundle of several components, so the study cannot separate the contribution of user profiling, machine learning, education, monitoring, phone follow-up, or other elements. Patients needed internet access, normal mental status, and effective communication, and people with distant metastasis, severe organ disease, or psychiatric illness were excluded, so results may not apply to more complex or cognitively impaired patients. The design blinded patients only, and outcome measures were patient-reported, which may allow performance or detection bias.

The study was funded by the 2023 Hospital Management Innovation Research Project by the Jiangsu Hospital Association. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Do not read the significant reductions in fear scores as proof that the profiling platform alone caused the improvement. The added nursing bundle included postoperative care, psychological support, physical activity management, nutritional support, social support, crisis intervention, and health monitoring, and the study did not test these components separately.