Developmental Changes in Tongue Strength, Swallow Pressures, and Tongue Endurance.

No instrumental swallowing assessment was done; children were considered typical based on parent report, water swallows, and diet history. The tongue-tie group was small, with 20 children, and the tongue-tie criteria were adapted from a newborn tool while diagnostic criteria vary across studies. Tongue endurance was measured once, 46 participants could not maintain the needed pressure for at least one second, and the task may reflect motivation more than tongue function. The data came from a Duarte galactosemia sibling-control dataset, not a general population sample, and 9 children were excluded for palate-crossing braces. The sex-by-tongue-tie finding was small, isolated, and not followed up. The adult 40 kPa tongue-strength threshold was not directly comparable because different bulbs and populations were used.

The supplied text states the data were from a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded dataset. It does not provide a separate author conflict-of-interest declaration.

Do not conclude that tongue-tie causes reduced tongue strength or low swallow pressure in school-age children. The study found no overall association between tongue-tie and these measures, and the small boy-with-tongue-tie finding was not treated as clinically meaningful.