Development of a low-cost EMG biofeedback device kit as an educational tool for physical therapy students.

The study used small groups of PT students, not patients, so it cannot show that the device improves patient care. It relied on students' self-reported interest, knowledge, and motivation after a single class activity, without a control group or random allocation. The authors noted that the volunteers may have been more motivated than general students. The authors did not consider the teacher's engineering knowledge or instruction ability, so build time may vary in other classes. No student completed soldering, so the breadboard build does not show that students can make a durable finished circuit. The paper did not report accuracy of the EMG readings compared with a standard clinical EMG device.

The authors declared no conflict of interest and said no sponsor had control over interpretation, writing, or publication.

Do not conclude that this kit teaches therapists to use EMG biofeedback with patients or improves clinical outcomes. It measured PT students' self-reported interest and knowledge after building a breadboard device, and fewer students reported skill acquisition than knowledge increase.