"Cool" and "Hot" executive functions in deaf children: the executive brain battery (EBB).

This was a small pilot with 40 analysed children after 18 of 58 recruited children were excluded. The sample came from one deaf school and one association, so it may not represent all deaf children. Native-signer children were excluded, so the study cannot say how children with full early sign-language access would perform. The study compared age groups once, not the same children over time, so it does not show individual development. Task order was fixed, with cognitive tasks first and socio-emotional tasks second, so order effects cannot be ruled out. Some children did not complete tasks because they did not understand the instructions, so non-completion may not mean an executive-function deficit. The analyses compared only groups within the deaf sample, and the study did not show that the battery diagnoses impairment. Parental educational level differed between age groups, which could affect comparisons.

The only declaration reported is funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Spanish State Research Agency.

Do not read unfinished tasks as proof of executive-function deficits. Some children failed to complete tasks because they did not understand the instructions, and this pilot did not show that the battery diagnoses impairment.