PTOTCase ReportFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2025

Case Report: Design of a University of the District of Columbia (UDC) intrepid dynamic exoskeletal orthosis.

Ji Chen, J'niya Butler, Mawussi Nzonou and 1 others

PMID 40740344

WHAT IT FOUND

A 3D-printed prototype brace restricted left ankle motion by 11 degrees in one healthy person.

Walking speed did not change. The design process was faster and cheaper than standard methods, but clinical effectiveness is unproven.

Key findings

01The new design workflow reduced production time from about three weeks to three days and cost to about 10% of the commercial price.

02In one healthy participant, walking with the prototype significantly reduced left ankle range of motion by 11 degrees.

03Walking speed and other spatiotemporal measures did not change significantly.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

The study involved only one healthy participant, so results cannot be generalized to patients with foot drop or muscle weakness. The brace was tested only during immediate use; there was no long-term practice period to assess adaptation or comfort. Key biomechanical data like ground reaction forces and muscle activity were not collected due to equipment issues. The walking distance was very short (3 meters), which may not detect changes in dynamic balance or endurance. The authors acknowledge that the statistical analysis of a single subject is not appropriate for generalization.

Declared interests

The research was funded by NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to commercial entities.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the faster and cheaper production of this prototype as evidence that it is clinically effective or safe for patients. The study tested only one healthy person, and the brace restricted ankle motion, which the authors suggest could lead to compensatory injuries like lower back pain in the long term.

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