Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men.
Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer J K Vegter, Alexander H R Hensen and 2 others
PMID 32093732WHAT IT FOUND
Synchronous handcycling was more efficient than asynchronous at first in twelve novice able-bodied men.
After practice, metabolic cost became similar, but force application remained more efficient in the synchronous mode.
Key findings
01Synchronous handcycling showed better force effectiveness, with a higher fraction of effective force for most of the cycle.
02Crank mode significantly affected mechanical efficiency and energy expenditure, while other physiological variables did not show significant crank-mode effects.
03Practice significantly affected mechanical efficiency, energy expenditure, ventilation and breathing frequency, and reduced metabolic cost especially in asynchronous handcycling.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTs
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What it does not show
The study used twelve able-bodied men with no handcycling experience, so it may not apply to wheelchair users or patients. The right handlebar was not instrumented, and right-side force and power were assumed to mirror the left side. Two kinematic measurements were missing and replaced with other participants' means. Practice time was too short to show physiological training effects, and practice effects were analysed only at group level. No muscle activity was measured, so explanations about co-activation were assumptions.
Declared interests
The supplied text does not report funding or conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read these results as evidence that synchronous handcycling is better for wheelchair users or patients. The study tested twelve able-bodied men with no handcycling experience, and it states that the findings may not represent wheelchair users.