SLPCohortJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2025

Beyond Uniform Impairment: Investigating Declarative Memory Profiles in Nonspecific Mild Intellectual Disability Using Latent Profile Analysis.

Urszula Sajewicz-Radtke, Bartosz M Radtke, Paweł Jurek and 2 others

PMID 40903989

WHAT IT FOUND

Most children with mild intellectual disability showed widespread memory deficits, but 25% performed in the average or high range.

This challenges the assumption of uniform impairment. Assessors should look for individual strengths, particularly in learning and associative recall, rather than assuming global memory failure.

Key findings

01Latent profile analysis identified two distinct memory groups among the total sample: a 'memory impaired group' (24%) and a 'high performers group' (76%).

02Individuals with mild intellectual disability were significantly overrepresented in the impaired group (75%), but a substantial minority (25%) fell into the high performers group, showing average to above-average scores.

03Within the high-performing subgroup of individuals with mild intellectual disability, the strongest relative performance was observed on the Learning Index and Associative Recall Index.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The clinical sample was restricted to ages 10-19, potentially missing developmental changes in younger children. The study focused only on mild intellectual disability, so findings do not generalise to moderate or severe cases. The sample was drawn from Poland, a culturally homogeneous population, which limits generalisability to other cultural contexts. The 'high performer' subgroup within the ID group was small (n=28) and lacked detailed demographic data, making it difficult to characterise who these individuals are.

Declared interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest. The study was funded by the Polish Society of Educational Psychology.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the 25% 'high performer' rate in the ID group as evidence that most individuals with mild ID have typical memory. The majority (75%) still showed significant deficits across all indices. The finding highlights heterogeneity, not a lack of impairment in the population.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →