Anxiety, depression, resilience and self-esteem in individuals with cardiovascular diseases.
Isabela Gonzales Carvalho, Eduarda Dos Santos Bertolli, Luciana Paiva and 3 others
PMID 27901221WHAT IT FOUND
Among hospitalized adults with cardiovascular disease, women reported anxiety and depression symptoms more often than men.
Patients with depression symptoms had lower resilience. This is an association study, not evidence that a treatment works.
Key findings
01Of 120 individuals with cardiovascular disease, 32.5% reported anxiety symptoms and 17.5% reported depression symptoms.
02Women reported anxiety and depression symptoms more often than men.
03Patients with depression symptoms had lower resilience than those without symptoms.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study measured everything at one time, so it cannot show whether anxiety, depression, resilience or self-esteem caused or followed the disease. It was done in a single hospital and recruited patients consecutively rather than by random selection, so results may not apply to other settings. Some symptom and sex groups were small, especially men with depression symptoms, so subgroup differences should be read cautiously.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read these associations as proof that anxiety or depression caused lower resilience, or that raising resilience or self-esteem will improve symptoms. The study measured everything at one time and did not test any intervention.