Animated video development COVID-19 prevention and management for anxiety among older adults in Indonesia.

This was a pilot/feasibility study, so it is preliminary and not a definitive efficacy trial. Follow-up was only one week, so it does not show whether anxiety reduction or knowledge changes last beyond that period. The study was not blinded, and anxiety was measured by self-report, so expectations about the video or the assistant's help could have influenced scores. The video group started at 9.27 and the leaflet group at 5.89, and 9.0 is the threshold for clinically significant anxiety, so the groups were not equal at baseline. The intervention was not just a video: assistants helped participants download it, called them during follow-up, and both groups received incentives, so the contribution of the video alone cannot be separated. The sample-size section says 63 participants were required, while the results say 126 were recruited (63 per group), leaving the planned sample unclear. The knowledge form was created for this study, and the paper reports modest values for its consistency and validity (0.63 and 0.70), so knowledge changes are less secure. No vaccination information was included, comorbidity effects were not analyzed, and sustainable self-management behavior was not measured.

The research received no specific grant from public, commercial, or non-profit funding agencies, and the authors declared no competing interests.

Do not conclude that the animated video alone reduces anxiety or prevents COVID-19. The study was a one-week, unblinded pilot; the video group also received assistant help, telephone follow-up, and incentives, and its anxiety score started at 9.27 while the leaflet group started at 5.89.