SLPQualitativeInternational journal of language & communication disorders2026

An Insidious Interstice: Understanding Cognition and Language Behaviour Through the Eyes of Juvenile Justice Professionals.

Anne M Perrotti, Allison T Chappell, Tancy Vandecar-Burdin

PMID 41657347

WHAT IT FOUND

Juvenile justice staff described youth behaviours such as poor understanding, following directions and problem solving, yet said few youth have language or thinking problems.

They attributed these behaviours to defiance, mental health, trauma, school failure, or weak support.

Key findings

01Sixteen of the 22 juvenile justice personnel said few justice-involved youth have language or thinking problems while describing youth behaviours that could reflect such problems.

02Eleven participants attributed possible language or cognition weaknesses to motivation, embarrassment, or defiance.

03Mental health concerns and trauma were the largest sub-theme, with 19 participants.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

Findings come from 22 juvenile justice personnel in two localities, so they may not apply to other regions or agencies. Participants reported their own perceptions; the study did not assess the youth's language or cognition directly. Most participants were juvenile justice personnel without formal training in communication or language and cognition. The interviews relied on self-understanding of complex constructs, and there was no member checking through follow-up interviews or transcript review. The sample included juvenile justice staff, not SLPs or other disciplines, so it describes one professional group's perspective.

Declared interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest and received no funding for the project.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as evidence that SLP screening or staff training improves youth outcomes. It reports 22 juvenile justice personnel's perceptions from two localities, not a test of interventions or direct assessments of youth.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →