OTQualitativeAustralian occupational therapy journal2026

An exploration of the changes to occupational participation during military-to-civilian transition: The experiences of Australian Defence Force members.

Nathan C Kerr, Shelly J Lane, Ronald C Plotnikoff and 1 others

PMID 42504867

WHAT IT FOUND

Former ADF members described spending about 86% of their time on military activities, leaving little room for family, friends or hobbies.

Most only saw the cost after they left, and said nothing during service had prepared them for building a civilian life.

Key findings

01Participants estimated they spent an average of 86% of their time on military activities while serving, leaving 14% for everything else; family was the most commonly reported non-military occupation.

02All 12 participants said their commitment to military roles and occupations had negatively affected their move to civilian life, and that they only became aware of how cut off they were from family, friends and personal interests after separation.

03Eleven of the 12 joined the ADF between the ages of 17 and 22, which participants described as limiting their involvement in community activities and making transition harder.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

Only 12 people took part, all Australian, so the themes describe this group rather than the wider ADF community. Recruitment and interviews were done online, so people without reliable internet access were not recruited. The time-use percentages are participants' own retrospective estimates of how they spent their time during service, made after the fact, not measured or logged data. Participants' specific roles were removed to protect their anonymity as required by ethics approval, so some detail that would have supported the findings is missing. The first author had himself transitioned out of the ADF after nine years, which the team describes as enriching the analysis; readers should weigh how much that shaped the interpretation.

Declared interests

The authors declare no competing interests in the research, authorship or publication of the article. The work was funded by the University of Newcastle, Australia, and the Australian Government Research Training Program.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as evidence that keeping up hobbies and friendships during service would fix transition, or that an occupational therapy transition programme works. No intervention was tested. Twelve people described, after the fact, what they remembered about their own service and transition, so this can suggest what to ask about but cannot show what changes an outcome.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →