A Hybrid Type III Analysis of a Filmed Story-Telling Intervention's Impact on Provider Stigma.
Sally Wasmuth, Johnna Belkiewitz, Edward Miech and 6 others
PMID 39086138WHAT IT FOUND
Seven of 10 occupational therapy sites had all positive implementation ratings after external facilitation for a film, panel, and discussion session on stigma.
Attendees reported lower stigma scores after the session, but the separate effects of these components cannot be separated.
Key findings
01Seven of 10 occupational therapy sites had all positive implementation success ratings.
02Among 58 occupational therapists who completed both stigma surveys, average scores were lower after the session, 75.5 before and 62.6 after, indicating decreased stigma.
03Implementation barriers included low ratings at some sites, film audio problems, large-auditorium format issues, panel speaker fit, and technical outages causing missing data.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The study used convenience and chain sampling, so participants may not represent other occupational therapy sites. There was no control group or randomisation, so pre- and post-stigma changes could be influenced by testing, time, or the event itself. The stigma measure was completed immediately before and after the session, which may produce immediate-response bias and does not show lasting change. The session combined a film, panel speakers, and a moderated discussion, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated. The study measured provider stigma beliefs, not observed provider behavior or patient outcomes. The team did not reach the target sample of 80 participants with complete data, and some sites had missing data after technical problems. Implementation success varied: seven of 10 sites had all positive ratings, and three sites had barriers or missing data.
Declared interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest. The article is marked as supported by an NIH extramural grant.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that the film alone reduces stigma or changes provider behavior. The session included a film, panel speakers, and a moderated discussion, so their separate effects cannot be separated. There was no control group, and stigma was measured only immediately after the session.