TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 28 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOther2021Virtual reality-based assessment of cognitive-locomotor interference in healthy young adults.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 15 healthy young adults walking in VR, memory accuracy fell by 6.67% only when avoiding virtual agents and tracking a modified shopping list. Walking speed did not clearly change.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Implementation and Evaluation of the Virtual Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) for Individuals With Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.Physical therapyNine stroke survivors completed a virtual upper-limb exercise program. Self-reported hand function improved significantly, with six of nine reaching a clinically important change. Staff found the format workable, though webcam angles and audio interference posed technical challenges.
• PTOTCase Report2021Perioperative Botulinum Toxin Injections to Enhance Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Spasticity: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Case Reports.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationFavorable outcomes were reported after surgery, botulinum toxin, and postoperative care in three patients with spasticity, but without controls these reports cannot show the toxin caused the improvement.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2021mHealth Intervention Applications for Adults Living With the Effects of Stroke: A Scoping Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationMost stroke phone or tablet apps for adults are early-stage tools for hand, speech, exercise, and risk-factor management. They show feasibility or user interest, not proven effectiveness. Many studies had small samples and pilot designs.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Diagnostic approach to paediatric movement disorders: a clinical practice guide.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThis guide outlines a step-by-step clinical algorithm for diagnosing paediatric movement disorders. It prioritizes distinguishing normal developmental patterns from pathology, classifying the specific movement phenotype, and ruling out functional disorders before initiating genetic or metabolic testing.
• PTOTCohort2021Motor Impairment and Its Influence in Gait Velocity and Asymmetry in Community Ambulating Hemiplegic Individuals.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationIn 55 community ambulators with stroke, stronger ankle plantarflexors predicted faster walking and more symmetrical gait patterns. Spasticity in the hip adductors and quadriceps was associated with greater asymmetry in swing time and step length, respectively.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Describing the Delivery of Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Intervention to Individuals With Cerebral Palsy.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationTherapists delivered evidence-based interventions in 48% of treatment selections for children with cerebral palsy, but usage dropped for those with the most severe motor impairment. This suggests outpatient therapy may not be reaching the children who need it most, or that effective options for severe cases remain limited.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Using the Modified Balke Protocol in Fully Ambulatory People With Multiple Sclerosis.Cardiopulmonary physical therapy journalA treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test was safe and feasible for people with multiple sclerosis who could walk without aids. Seventeen of twenty tests provided usable data. The results correlated with walking distance, cognitive speed, and disability levels, supporting its use for assessment.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with cerebral palsy: high prevalence rates in a population-based study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyIn a population of children with cerebral palsy, 30% had autism and 30% had ADHD, rates higher than previously reported. Intellectual disability, not motor severity, was the strongest predictor. Screening for these conditions is warranted regardless of physical function.
• PTOther2021User-driven treadmill walking promotes healthy step width after stroke.Gait & postureStroke survivors walked with significantly narrower step width on user-driven treadmills than on fixed-speed ones, even at matched speeds. This suggests user-driven control may encourage a more stable, healthy-like gait pattern during rehabilitation.
• PTOTCohort2021Evaluating Intrinsic Fall Risk Factors After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Distinguishing Fallers From Nonfallers.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationSlower walking, weaker legs, poor foot sensation, and side-to-side sway when eyes are closed were linked to more falls in people with incomplete spinal cord injury. These factors help flag risk, but no single test predicts falls reliably.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Effect of Action Observation Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationAction Observation Therapy improves motor recovery in stroke and Parkinson's disease, with strong evidence for upper limb function and balance. It shows moderate benefit for orthopedic pain and range of motion. However, it does not help children with cerebral palsy or improve cognition in dementia.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021Caregiver-Reported Pain Management Practices for Individuals With Cerebral Palsy.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationCaregivers of children and adults with severe cerebral palsy most often treated musculoskeletal pain by changing positions. Massage and stretching were also common. Medication was used frequently but rated no more helpful than these physical approaches.
• PTOTOther2021Inpatient rehabilitation facility discharge destination among younger adults with traumatic brain injury: differences by race and ethnicity.Brain injuryAfter inpatient rehab, Hispanic/Latino patients and patients of other race/ethnicity were more likely than White patients to go home rather than subacute care. Black patients did not differ. Predictors varied by group and explained little.
• PTOTQualitative2021Perspectives of individuals with chronic spinal cord injury following novel balance training involving functional electrical stimulation with visual feedback: a qualitative exploratory study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFive people with incomplete spinal cord injury described a balance program using electrical stimulation and visual feedback as helping them feel stronger and more stable. They reported doing more household tasks and going out in the community. They wanted more sessions to keep improving.
• PTRCT2021Effect of vestibular rehabilitation on change in health-related quality of life in patients with dizziness and balance problems after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAdding a 16-session vestibular rehabilitation programme to usual multidisciplinary care improved health-related quality of life scores by 6.5 points more than usual care alone. Patients with higher baseline psychological distress also showed greater quality of life gains.
• PTOTOther2021Added-value of spasticity reduction to improve arm-hand skill performance in sub-acute stroke patients with a moderately to severely affected arm-hand.NeuroRehabilitationAdding botulinum toxin to standard arm-hand therapy showed no group-level benefit once spontaneous recovery was accounted for. However, individual results varied: three patients improved arm capacity, seven improved function, and three showed no benefit, suggesting patient selection is key.
• PTOther2021Relationship between gait quality measures and modular neuromuscular control parameters in chronic post-stroke individuals.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople walking after chronic stroke who had fewer muscle modules walked slower and showed more asymmetry in limb length, footpath area, hip side-to-side motion and knee bending. This was an observational study, so it does not show that increasing modules improves walking.
• PTPilot2021Effect of robotic exoskeleton gait training during acute stroke on functional ambulation.NeuroRehabilitationIn 14 acute stroke patients, robotic exoskeleton training doubled the distance walked per session compared to standard care without adding time. All participants improved on walking and balance tests, suggesting the device safely delivers higher-dose therapy.
• PTOTCohort2021Predictive validity of the Hand Assessment for Infants in infants at risk of unilateral cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe Hand Assessment for Infants accurately predicts unilateral cerebral palsy in at-risk infants, but only from about 3.5 months of age. Scores before this time are too variable to rely on. The single-hand score and asymmetry index perform best.
• PTOTCohort2021Effect of performing daily activities while standing on the quantity and quality of the thigh muscles in adults with severe cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn adults with severe cerebral palsy, those who stood daily during care had thicker quadriceps and higher gross motor function scores. However, they also showed higher muscle echo intensity, suggesting more fat or connective tissue within the muscle. Standing may change muscle quality, not just strength.
• PTOTOther2021Translational Value of Skilled Reaching Assessment in Clinical and Preclinical Studies on Motor Recovery After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairSkilled reaching recovery followed a similar proximal-to-distal timeline in rats and humans. In patients, this assessment correlated strongly with standard clinical measures like the Fugl-Meyer and Action Research Arm Test, supporting its use to distinguish true motor recovery from compensation.
• PTNarrative Review2021Perinatal care with a view to preventing cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyCerebral palsy rates have fallen in high-income countries as preterm care, magnesium sulphate, delayed cord clamping, caffeine, cooling, and early identification spread. The paper does not test one therapy or prove what PT/OT/SLP should change.
• PTOTCase Report2021Long-term effects of combined botulinum toxin treatment and rehabilitation on upper limb muscle spasms: a case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn one man with cervical spinal cord injury, years of botulinum toxin type A plus physical and occupational therapy and splints were followed by improved upper-limb motion, less finger spasm, and faster left-hand tasks. It is one person, not proof the treatment works.
• PTOTSLPOther2021An Exercise Mimetic Approach to Reduce Poststroke Deconditioning and Enhance Stroke Recovery.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn rats, resveratrol improved early balance and reduced compensatory gait, while delayed exercise restored cardiovascular fitness. Neither intervention improved long-term balance more than the other, and the combination showed no additive benefit. These findings do not yet apply to human stroke recovery.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Early Stage Longitudinal Subcortical Volumetric Changes following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain injuryPatients with persistent post-concussive symptoms showed early volume loss in the thalamus and hippocampus within one month of mild traumatic brain injury. This thalamic shrinkage persisted at six months and correlated with worse self-reported symptoms and lower quality of life, unlike objective cognitive test scores which recovered.
• PTOTQualitative2021'I forget to do pressure relief': Personal factors influencing the prevention of secondary health conditions in people with spinal cord injury, South Africa.The South African journal of physiotherapyPeople with spinal cord injury described money, mood, knowledge, habits, and equipment as shaping pressure sore and infection prevention. Forgetfulness, shame, beliefs, and late help-seeking made prevention harder.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021School outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy in Sweden.Developmental medicine and child neurologyAdolescents with cerebral palsy had significantly lower school grades and were less likely to progress to secondary school or university compared to matched peers. Communication ability was the strongest functional predictor of these poor outcomes, outweighing gross or manual motor skills.
• PTPilot2021Improved cortical activity and reduced gait asymmetry during poststroke self-paced walking rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn seven stroke survivors, self-paced treadmill walking increased brain activity and reduced gait asymmetry compared to fixed-speed walking. This suggests the method engages neural pathways, but long-term clinical trials are needed to prove it improves recovery.
• PTOTRCT2021The use of game modes to promote engagement and social involvement in multi-user serious games: a within-person randomized trial with stroke survivors.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationCollaborative game modes drove significantly higher behavioral involvement than competitive or co-active modes. Competitive modes generated more flow and challenge, particularly for participants with better motor skills and higher cognitive function. Co-active modes produced the lowest engagement metrics.
• PTOTRCT2021Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a combined virtual reality, robotics and electrical stimulation intervention in upper extremity stroke rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationChronic stroke patients improved arm function after 12 sessions combining robotics, virtual reality, and electrical stimulation. However, hand strength and dexterity showed no gains, and without a control group, these improvements cannot be separated from usual care or time.
• PTRCT2021Exploiting telerobotics for sensorimotor rehabilitation: a locomotor embodiment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA telerobotics system let trainers assist stroke survivors' gait remotely. Six patients completed the protocol, showing swing length improvements in most, but the primary Day 1 to Day 6 change did not reach statistical significance. The study confirms feasibility, not efficacy.
• PTOTRCT2021Comparison of neuromuscular and cardiovascular exercise intensity and enjoyment between standard of care, off-the-shelf and custom active video games for promotion of physical activity of persons post-stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationCustom active video games matched the exercise intensity of off-the-shelf games and standard care but produced more accurate stepping. Participants found the custom games more enjoyable and less effortful, suggesting they are a viable tool for balancing fitness with movement quality in stroke rehab.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021The Relationship Between Walking Speed and the Energetic Cost of Walking in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPeople with multiple sclerosis walk with a higher energetic cost than healthy controls, but their most efficient speed is similar. Most patients in studies walked slower than this optimal speed, meaning they were working harder than necessary. Training to increase walking speed may reduce this cost.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Factors associated with met and unmet rehabilitation needs after stroke: A multicentre cohort study in Denmark and Norway.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThree months after stroke, 67% reported needing training and 69% needed help, with similar rates in Norway and Denmark despite different rehabilitation pathways. Unmet needs for training were linked to lower function and anxiety, while unmet needs for help were linked to living alone and depression.
• PTSLPCohort2021Speech-Language Profile Groups in School Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy: Nonverbal Cognition, Receptive Language, Speech Intelligibility, and Motor Function.Developmental neurorehabilitationReceptive language scores largely matched nonverbal cognitive scores in 27 speaking children with cerebral palsy. For most, typical language comprehension suggested typical cognition, and impaired comprehension suggested cognitive impairment. This supports using language tests as a rough proxy when motor issues make cognitive testing difficult.
• PTMeta-Analysis2021Effect of robotic-assisted gait training on objective biomechanical measures of gait in persons post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationGroups assigned to robotic gait training did not improve walking speed or step rate more than groups assigned to non-robotic training after stroke. Some measures of step length and timing symmetry favoured robotic groups, but the evidence was very weak.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Societal burden of stroke rehabilitation: Costs and health outcomes after admission to stroke rehabilitation.Journal of rehabilitation medicineStroke rehabilitation costs one year post-admission averaged US$70,601 for inpatients and US$27,473 for outpatients. Inpatient utility scores improved significantly over 12 months, while outpatient scores remained stable. Lower baseline health predicted higher total costs.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Influence of socioeconomic status on cognitive outcome after childhood arterial ischemic stroke.Developmental medicine and child neurologySocioeconomic status predicted cognitive outcomes better than stroke severity in 18 children. Each point increase in SES raised perceptual reasoning scores by 15.64 percentile points. Clinical factors like lesion size had weaker effects. Low sample size limits generalizability.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2021Risk factors in early life for developmental coordination disorder: a scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyPreterm birth and male sex are the strongest early risk factors for developmental coordination disorder. Children born before 32 weeks face a substantially higher risk. Accumulated neonatal complications and brain lesions also increase risk, but most other factors show inconsistent or weak associations.
• PTMeta-Analysis2021Increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in China 1988-2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of rehabilitation medicineCerebral palsy prevalence in China was 2.07 per 1,000 people and rose continuously from 1988 to 2020, with higher rates in rural areas, males, and birthweight under 2.5 kg.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Getting into a "Flow" state: a systematic review of flow experience in neurological diseases.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFlow questionnaires are used in neurorehabilitation, often during serious games, but none has been validated in neurological patients. Patients sometimes reported higher flow during game-based sessions, but the review did not show better function.
• PTOTRCT2021Immersive virtual reality during gait rehabilitation increases walking speed and motivation: a usability evaluation with healthy participants and patients with multiple sclerosis and stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPatients walked faster on a treadmill wearing a VR headset than with a screen or no VR. The headset was highly usable and caused little nausea. This was a short usability test, not proof that VR improves long-term walking.
• PTOTSLPRCT2021Feasibility and effect of interactive telerehabilitation on balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFor chronic stroke, Kinect-based telerehabilitation improved balance similarly to conventional physiotherapy. However, the study was conducted in a hospital room rather than a home, and the small sample size limits confidence in these findings.
• PTOTCohort2021Arm impairment and walking speed explain real-life activity of the affected arm and leg after stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicineArm motor impairment and walking speed explained about two-thirds of the real-life activity of the affected arm in people with subacute stroke. Walking speed alone explained 60% of the affected leg's activity. Clinical assessments can help estimate these activity levels.
• PTOTRCT2021Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to motor impairment severity of a multi-touch app designed to assess hand mobility, coordination, and function after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTapping and finger extension exercises on a tablet app correlated well with standard hand tests and distinguished mild from moderate stroke impairment. Other exercises, like pincer grasps and writing, showed weaker validity or reliability. The app is not yet a standalone assessment tool.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Utilization of wearable technology to assess gait and mobility post-stroke: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWearable devices often captured gait speed and step count after stroke, but most studies were hospital or lab based. Few reported device accuracy, and one step-count algorithm failed at slow walking speeds, so do not rely on them to diagnose community mobility yet.
• PTRCT2021Task-specific training for improving propulsion symmetry and gait speed in people in the chronic phase after stroke: a proof-of-concept study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPropulsion symmetry improved by 7.9% after five weeks of robotic gait training with trainer feedback plus daily home exercises, and gait speed rose 7.2% after intervention. Without a control group, this is proof of concept, not proof that any single component caused change.
• PTSLPOther2021Prevalence of long-term mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in children with neurological conditions: a population-based study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMechanical insufflation-exsufflation is used by 6 per 1000 children with neurological conditions in Norway. It is most common in spinal muscular atrophy, but one-third of devices are used by children with central nervous system conditions, often for prophylaxis.
• PTPilot2021Knee joint movement and muscle activity changes in stroke hemiplegic patients on continuous use of knee-ankle-foot orthosis with adjustable knee joint.Journal of physical therapy scienceSetting the knee joint of a KAFO to allow movement, rather than locking it, increased vastus medialis muscle activity during walking in stroke patients. However, muscle activity did not change after one month of continuous use, and the study was too small to confirm clinical benefit.