PTOTSLPSystematic ReviewJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2025

Views and Experiences of Dementia in People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research.

Joanna Carter, Aimee Spector, Afia Ali and 3 others

PMID 40090861

WHAT IT FOUND

People with intellectual disabilities described losing abilities and relationships, but maintaining a sense of self through choice, competence and connection.

Support from staff who understood their non-verbal cues helped counteract these losses.

Key findings

01Participants with dementia were more aware of physical decline than cognitive decline, and many had not been told their diagnosis or did not remember being told.

02Maintaining a sense of self relied on preserving choice, competence and relational connection, which was supported by staff who took time to include rather than do tasks for the person.

03Accessible research methods included using pictures for consent, simplifying language, paying attention to non-verbal cues, and allowing adequate time for responses.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The review included only 11 studies with 47 participants, all from the UK, Ireland or North America. All participants were White or White European, so findings may not apply to other cultural groups. Some studies did not report how researchers recruited participants or analysed data. The synthesis relied on a single researcher coding the data, which may introduce bias.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that a lack of verbal report means a lack of understanding or preference. The study found that participants often communicated choices through non-verbal behaviour, and that staff who took time to interpret these cues supported better outcomes than those who did not.

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