OtherChild: care, health and development2026

Validation of the Norwegian Version of the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy (TOPSE) Questionnaire in Families With Children and Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury.

Nina Rohrer-Baumgartner, Reidun Giffen Brandt, Ingvil Laberg Holthe and 4 others

PMID 42745591

WHAT IT FOUND

Norwegian TOPSE and Teen TOPSE gave stable parenting self-efficacy scores when repeated after a median of 9.0 days.

The full questionnaire was consistent; the affection and emotion section was weaker. It measures parents' confidence, not whether treatment works.

Key findings

01The total Norwegian TOPSE and Teen TOPSE scores showed excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha 0.937 and 0.957, respectively.

02When parents repeated the questionnaire after a median of 9.0 days, total scores were stable: intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.90 for TOPSE, 0.89 for Teen TOPSE and 0.889 for the merged version.

03The affection and emotion subscale had the lowest internal consistency, 0.622 for TOPSE and 0.674 for Teen TOPSE.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

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What it does not show

The study did not test a treatment, so it cannot show that parenting self-efficacy changes after rehabilitation. The TOPSE subsample was small, with 42 parents at baseline and 34 at retest, so its results are less precise. The Teen TOPSE subsample was also smaller than the merged sample, with 70 parents at baseline and 45 at retest. Factorial validity was not evaluated because of limited sample size, so the original eight-domain structure was not confirmed. Subscale results were weaker: the affection and emotion subscale had the lowest internal consistency, and some subscales were less stable over time. The sample included children with different injury causes and a wide age range, so findings may not apply precisely to any single subgroup.

Declared interests

The study was supported by Norges Forskningsråd under Grant 288172. Authors declared no conflicts of interest. The original TOPSE developer, author SK, provided the authorized Norwegian version and approved the Teen TOPSE translation.

The easy way to misread this

Do not use this paper as evidence that a rehabilitation treatment improves parenting self-efficacy. It only tested whether questionnaire scores were consistent and stable over time; it did not evaluate an intervention.

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The study

Participants
112 parents at baseline (42 TOPSE, 70 Teen TOPSE); 79 parents at retest (34 TOPSE, 45 Teen TOPSE)
Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Nina Rohrer-Baumgartner, Reidun Giffen Brandt, Ingvil Laberg Holthe, et al. Validation of the Norwegian Version of the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy (TOPSE) Questionnaire in Families With Children and Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury. Child: care, health and development. 2026.

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