SurveyAutism : the international journal of research and practice2025

Unmet need for autism-aware care for gynaecological, menstrual and sexual wellbeing.

Richard O de Visser, Rachel Mosely, Julie Gamble-Turner and 6 others

PMID 39404255

WHAT IT FOUND

Autistic people assigned female at birth often found menstruation, menopause and sexual health hard to discuss in primary care.

Many said staff seemed unaware of how autism affected these issues, and some felt dismissed when they raised them.

Key findings

01Respondents were more comfortable discussing physical health than psychological wellbeing, menstrual issues, menopause-related issues or sexual health.

02In-person was the preferred consultation mode for all topics, with email the second most popular mode.

03Very few respondents said primary care staff understood how autism affected their sexual health, menstruation or menopause.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

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What it does not show

The sample was self-selected from an autism charity mailing list, and a response rate could not be calculated. The study had no non-autistic comparison group, so it cannot show whether these experiences are unique to autistic people. White people and people with higher education were overrepresented, and Black, ethnic minority, non-binary and transgender people were underrepresented. The design excluded autistic people who could not access the survey or give individual informed consent, such as those with profound intellectual disabilities. Respondents may have been more likely to take part if they had difficult menstrual, sexual or healthcare experiences.

Declared interests

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest and received no financial support for the research, authorship or publication. The charity Autistica contributed to survey design and distributed the questionnaire to its email list.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that remote consultations are generally better for autistic patients. In-person was the preferred mode for all topics, although email was second, and preferences varied by person and topic.

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The study

Participants
136 autistic people assigned female at birth, aged 18 to 71 years
Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Richard O de Visser, Rachel Mosely, Julie Gamble-Turner, et al. Unmet need for autism-aware care for gynaecological, menstrual and sexual wellbeing. Autism : the international journal of research and practice. 2025.

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