SLPNarrative ReviewLanguage, speech, and hearing services in schools2018

Understanding Dyslexia in the Context of Developmental Language Disorders.

Suzanne M Adlof, Tiffany P Hogan

PMID 30458538

WHAT IT FOUND

Dyslexia and developmental language disorder are separate but often co-occur.

Many children with dyslexia have language weaknesses beyond word reading. Speech-language pathologists should assess and monitor vocabulary, grammar and discourse, not only decoding.

Key findings

01In a population-based study, 17%–36% of children with kindergarten developmental language disorder also met dyslexia criteria from second through eighth grades, depending on how dyslexia was defined.

02Dyslexia and developmental language disorder are distinct disorders that frequently co-occur, with co-occurrence rates varying across studies and diagnostic criteria.

03Children with dyslexia may have weaknesses in vocabulary, morphology, syntax and discourse, and some score within normal limits on language tests yet still need monitoring and accommodations.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

This is a review and clinical synthesis, not a new experiment or treatment trial, so it does not directly test whether the recommended assessment or intervention changes outcomes. The overlap between dyslexia and developmental language disorder varies with diagnostic criteria, sample type and timing of measurement, so the same child may be classified differently across systems. Many cited studies used clinical or convenience samples and measured language and reading at one time point, making it hard to separate early language weakness from later effects of reduced reading experience. The clinical recommendations are the authors' interpretation of the evidence, not results of a tested protocol.

Declared interests

The article reports that the work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as saying that dyslexia is only a decoding problem or that normal standardized language scores rule out broader language needs. The review says children with dyslexia may have subclinical language deficits and should be assessed across multiple language domains.

Read it on PubMed →